TABLE 2.
Serial laboratory tests during the study period.
| Case 1 | Case 2 | Case 3 | Case 4 | Case 5 | Case 6 | Mean ± SD | P-valuea | |
| AST (IU/L) | ||||||||
| Baseline | 109 | 26 | 36 | 67 | 41 | 53 | 55 ± 30 | – |
| After IC injection | 58 | 16 | 20 | 18 | 24 | 20 | 26 ± 16 | 0.0313 |
| After IV infusion | 56 | 17 | 26 | 19 | 13 | 17 | 25 ± 16 | 0.0313 |
| 1-Month follow-up | 52 | 19 | 23 | 18 | 19 | 21 | 25 ± 13 | 0.0313 |
| 3-Month follow-up | 66 | 16 | 27 | 20 | 17 | 19 | 28 ± 19 | 0.0313 |
| 6-Month follow-up | 30 | 23 | 21 | 28 | 15 | 29 | 24 ± 6 | 0.0313 |
| 12-Month follow-up | 39 | 32 | 25 | 17 | 16 | 15 | 24 ± 10 | 0.0625 |
| ALT (IU/L) | ||||||||
| Baseline | 122 | 14 | 15 | 29 | 54 | 25 | 43 ± 41 | – |
| After IC injection | 91 | 20 | 17 | 25 | 48 | 24 | 38 ± 28 | 0.4688 |
| After IV infusion | 95 | 20 | 23 | 23 | 31 | 22 | 36 ± 29 | 0.4688 |
| 1-Month follow-up | 82 | 14 | 25 | 16 | 41 | 27 | 34 ± 25 | 0.2500 |
| 3-Month follow-up | 81 | 14 | 33 | 18 | 26 | 25 | 33 ± 25 | 0.3750 |
| 6-Month follow-up | 40 | 33 | 19 | 35 | 19 | 36 | 30 ± 9 | 1.0000 |
| 12-Month follow-up | 55 | 27 | 18 | 12 | 14 | 16 | 24 ± 16 | 0.2188 |
| BUN (mg/dL) | ||||||||
| Baseline | 14 | 10 | 12 | 13 | 19 | 14 | 14 ± 3 | − |
| After IC injection | 12 | 11 | 12 | 16 | 16 | 10 | 13 ± 3 | 0.5000 |
| After IV infusion | – | 11 | 13 | 17 | 11 | 10 | 12 ± 3 | 0.9375 |
| 1-Month follow-up | 26 | 10 | 13 | 13 | 16 | 19 | 16 ± 6 | 0.3750 |
| 3-Month follow-up | 16 | 15 | 14 | 19 | 22 | 16 | 17 ± 3 | 0.0313 |
| 6-Month follow-up | 18 | 12 | 12 | 20 | 22 | 16 | 17 ± 4 | 0.0625 |
| 12-Month follow-up | 20 | 19 | 16 | 21 | 20 | 18 | 19 ± 2 | 0.0313 |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | ||||||||
| Baseline | 0.77 | 0.79 | 0.77 | 1.08 | 0.85 | 1.06 | 0.89 ± 0.15 | − |
| After IC injection | 0.72 | 0.93 | 0.82 | 0.98 | 0.83 | 1.09 | 0.90 ± 0.13 | 0.9063 |
| After IV infusion | 0.81 | 0.98 | 0.85 | 0.89 | 0.87 | 1.19 | 0.93 ± 0.14 | 0.3438 |
| 1-Month follow-up | 1.01 | 1.09 | 1.04 | 1.25 | 0.95 | 1.25 | 1.10 ± 0.13 | 0.0313 |
| 3-Month follow-up | 0.89 | 1.06 | 1.05 | 1.49 | 0.86 | 1.02 | 1.06 ± 0.23 | 0.0938 |
| 6-Month follow-up | 0.89 | 0.93 | 0.95 | 1.31 | 0.84 | 0.97 | 0.98 ± 0.17 | 0.1563 |
| 12-Month follow-up | 0.82 | 1.13 | 0.86 | 1.36 | 0.77 | 1.05 | 1.00 ± 0.23 | 0.2188 |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | ||||||||
| Baseline | 106 | 105 | 100 | 67 | 93 | 69 | 90 ± 18 | − |
| After IC injection | 114 | 87 | 93 | 75 | 96 | 67 | 89 ± 17 | 0.9375 |
| After IV infusion | 100 | 82 | 89 | 84 | 91 | 60 | 84 ± 13 | 0.3125 |
| 1-Month follow-up | 77 | 72 | 71 | 57 | 82 | 57 | 69 ± 10 | 0.0313 |
| 3-Month follow-up | 89 | 75 | 70 | 46 | 92 | 72 | 74 ± 16 | 0.0938 |
| 6-Month follow-up | 89 | 87 | 78 | 54 | 95 | 77 | 80 ± 14 | 0.1563 |
| 12-Month follow-up | 98 | 69 | 88 | 52 | 105 | 70 | 80 ± 20 | 0.2500 |
| Sodium (mmol/L) | ||||||||
| Baseline | 138 | 141 | 139 | 141 | 141 | 136 | 139 ± 2 | – |
| After IC injection | 137 | 139 | 139 | 141 | 139 | 139 | 139 ± 1 | 0.8750 |
| After IV infusion | 135 | 140 | 139 | 140 | 141 | 139 | 139 ± 2 | 0.7500 |
| 1-Month follow-up | 139 | 143 | 140 | 142 | 142 | 139 | 141 ± 2 | 0.0313 |
| 3-Month follow-up | 138 | 141 | 141 | 144 | 142 | 139 | 141 ± 2 | 0.1250 |
| 6-Month follow-up | 139 | 141 | 142 | 141 | 142 | 140 | 141 ± 1 | 0.1250 |
| 12-Month follow-up | 141 | 142 | 139 | 143 | 139 | 140 | 141 ± 2 | 0.2500 |
| Potassium (mmol/L) | ||||||||
| Baseline | 3.3 | 3.9 | 3.7 | 3.7 | 3.3 | 3.7 | 3.6 ± 0.2 | – |
| After IC injection | 3.5 | 3.8 | 3.8 | 3.4 | 3.5 | 4 | 3.7 ± 0.2 | 0.5938 |
| After IV infusion | 3.8 | 3.8 | 3.9 | 3.4 | 3.5 | 4.2 | 3.8 ± 0.3 | 0.2813 |
| 1-Month follow-up | 3.6 | 4.4 | 3.5 | 3.7 | 3.8 | 3.9 | 3.8 ± 0.3 | 0.1875 |
| 3-Month follow-up | 4.1 | 4.1 | 4.2 | 4 | 4.5 | 4.2 | 4.2 ± 0.2 | 0.0313 |
| 6-Month follow-up | 3.6 | 4.1 | 3.9 | 3.8 | 3.9 | 4 | 3.9 ± 0.2 | 0.0313 |
| 12-Month follow-up | 4.2 | 4.4 | 4.1 | 4.1 | 4.2 | 3.9 | 4.2 ± 0.2 | 0.0313 |
| RBC (10 6 /uL) | ||||||||
| Baseline | 5.14 | 4.67 | 6.87 | 4.79 | 4.89 | 4.57 | 5.16 ± 0.86 | – |
| After IC injection | 5.17 | 4.53 | 6.24 | 4.23 | 4.59 | 4.08 | 4.81 ± 0.80 | 0.0625 |
| After IV infusion | 5.48 | 4.57 | 6.10 | 4.37 | 4.47 | 4.14 | 4.86 ± 0.76 | 0.0938 |
| 1-Month follow-up | 5.16 | 4.77 | 6.55 | 5.20 | 4.64 | 4.21 | 5.09 ± 0.80 | 0.8438 |
| 3-Month follow-up | 5.04 | 4.57 | 6.44 | 4.88 | 4.87 | 3.84 | 4.94 ± 0.85 | 0.0938 |
| 6-Month follow-up | 5.21 | 5.04 | 6.61 | 4.70 | 4.92 | 3.88 | 5.06 ± 0.89 | 0.6875 |
| 12-Month follow-up | 5.07 | 4.79 | 6.58 | 4.40 | 4.79 | 4.07 | 4.95 ± 0.87 | 0.1563 |
| WBC (10 3 /μL) | ||||||||
| Baseline | 11.0 | 15.2 | 8.1 | 8.1 | 9.4 | 7.7 | 9.9 ± 2.9 | – |
| After IC injection | 7.2 | 11.1 | 6.4 | 6.8 | 9.9 | 6.8 | 8.0 ± 2.0 | 0.0625 |
| After IV infusion | 8.1 | 11.4 | 5.8 | 6.9 | 11.0 | 8.1 | 8.6 ± 2.2 | 0.2188 |
| 1-Month follow-up | 7.4 | 7.2 | 5.1 | 5.9 | 7.8 | 5.1 | 6.4 ± 1.2 | 0.0313 |
| 3-Month follow-up | 6.7 | 9.1 | 5.9 | 7.2 | 8.3 | 4.8 | 7.0 ± 1.6 | 0.0313 |
| 6-Month follow-up | 6.7 | 8.0 | 5.5 | 5.8 | 6.7 | 6.9 | 6.6 ± 0.9 | 0.0313 |
| 12-Month follow-up | 6.0 | 10.7 | 6.0 | 5.2 | 6.0 | 4.9 | 6.5 ± 2.1 | 0.0313 |
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) | ||||||||
| Baseline | 15.6 | 13.8 | 15.1 | 14.1 | 15.3 | 15.4 | 14.9 ± 0.7 | − |
| After IC injection | 15.9 | 13.7 | 14.2 | 12.9 | 14.3 | 13.5 | 14.1 ± 1.0 | 0.0938 |
| After IV infusion | 16.7 | 13.4 | 13.9 | 13.4 | 14.0 | 13.8 | 14.2 ± 1.3 | 0.1563 |
| 1-Month follow-up | 15.7 | 14.9 | 15.2 | 15.2 | 14.3 | 13.8 | 14.9 ± 0.7 | 0.8750 |
| 3-Month follow-up | 15.3 | 13.7 | 14.6 | 13.7 | 14.9 | 12.5 | 14.1 ± 1.0 | 0.0313 |
| 6-Month follow-up | 16.0 | 14.6 | 15.2 | 13.7 | 14.7 | 12.7 | 14.5 ± 1.2 | 0.7500 |
| 12-Month follow-up | 15.7 | 15.0 | 15.3 | 13.1 | 14.8 | 13.0 | 14.5 ± 1.2 | 0.6875 |
| Platelet count (10 3 /μL) | ||||||||
| Baseline | 173 | 262 | 192 | 180 | 209 | 205 | 204 ± 32 | – |
| After IC injection | 204 | 467 | 211 | 161 | 214 | 203 | 243 ± 111 | 0.2500 |
| After IV infusion | 232 | 517 | 231 | 174 | 233 | 229 | 269 ± 123 | 0.0625 |
| 1-Month follow-up | 172 | 293 | 193 | 189 | 224 | 247 | 220 ± 45 | 0.0938 |
| 3-Month follow-up | 175 | 313 | 204 | 324 | 251 | 253 | 253 ± 59 | 0.0313 |
| 6-Month follow-up | 182 | 352 | 238 | 230 | 216 | 263 | 247 ± 58 | 0.0313 |
| 12-Month follow-up | 195 | 301 | 224 | 202 | 212 | 227 | 227 ± 38 | 0.0313 |
| Carcinoembryonic antigen (ng/mL) | ||||||||
| Baseline | 3.16 | 3.69 | 1.84 | 3.37 | 1.00 | 12.57 | 4.27 ± 4.19 | – |
| After IC injection | 2.86 | 2.63 | 2.15 | 2.46 | 0.98 | 10.71 | 3.63 ± 3.53 | 0.1563 |
| After IV infusion | 3.67 | 2.64 | 1.84 | 3.28 | 0.99 | 9.84 | 3.71 ± 3.16 | 0.3125 |
| 1-Month follow-up | 2.26 | 3.22 | 1.80 | 2.32 | 0.82 | 7.18 | 2.93 ± 2.22 | 0.0313 |
| 3-Month follow-up | 2.44 | 3.18 | 1.85 | 4.02 | 1.34 | 5.44 | 3.05 ± 1.51 | 0.5625 |
| 6-Month follow-up | 2.77 | 2.69 | 2.41 | 2.45 | 0.79 | 4.17 | 2.55 ± 1.08 | 0.1563 |
| 12-Month follow-up | 3.20 | 3.31 | 2.10 | 2.23 | 0.95 | 4.48 | 2.71 ± 1.22 | 0.2188 |
| CK (IU/L) | ||||||||
| Baseline | 2163 | 289 | 331 | 610 | 186 | 335 | 652 ± 753 | − |
| 24 h after IC injection | 231 | 47 | 80 | 129 | 123 | 118 | 121 ± 62 | 0.0313 |
| 24 h after IV infusion | 128 | 42 | 94 | 70 | 83 | 96 | 86 ± 29 | 0.0313 |
| Discharge | 150 | 38 | 107 | 79 | 62 | 69 | 84 ± 39 | 0.0313 |
| CD3 (%) | ||||||||
| Baseline | 52.6 | 76.8 | 49.8 | 41.1 | 50.6 | 60.6 | 55.3 ± 12.3 | − |
| After IC injection | 60.5 | 59.7 | − | 42.3 | − | 43.7 | 51.6 ± 9.9 | 0.6250 |
| After IV infusion | 58.9 | − | 39.5 | 36.8 | 64.7 | 68.1 | 53.6 ± 14.5 | 0.6250 |
| 1-Month follow-up | 58.6 | 55.7 | 60.7 | 41.0 | 60.3 | 74.1 | 58.4 ± 10.6 | 0.5625 |
| 3-Month follow-up | 60.8 | 67.1 | 48.6 | 34.8 | 54.8 | 63.1 | 54.9 ± 11.8 | 1.0000 |
| 6-Month follow-up | 69.3 | 63.7 | 54.4 | 52.1 | 54.6 | 64.0 | 59.7 ± 6.9 | 0.3125 |
| 12-Month follow-up | 57.5 | 64.8 | 56.5 | 48.9 | 60.6 | 65.3 | 58.9 ± 6.1 | 0.4375 |
| CD4/CD8 | ||||||||
| Baseline | 2.1 | 1.8 | 4.0 | 3.4 | 4.1 | 1.2 | 2.8 ± 1.2 | – |
| After IC injection | 1.8 | 2.0 | − | 3.4 | − | 1.9 | 2.3 ± 0.8 | 0.6250 |
| After IV infusion | 1.6 | − | 5.1 | 2.5 | 3.7 | 1.7 | 2.9 ± 1.5 | 1.0000 |
| 1-Month follow-up | 1.6 | 1.3 | 4.4 | 2.3 | 4.4 | 1.1 | 2.5 ± 1.5 | 0.3125 |
| 3-Month follow-up | 1.5 | 1.6 | 4.1 | 2.0 | 4.0 | 0.8 | 2.3 ± 1.4 | 0.0625 |
| 6-Month follow-up | 1.7 | 1.5 | 3.0 | 2.6 | 2.6 | 0.6 | 2.0 ± 0.9 | 0.0313 |
| 12-Month follow-up | 2.0 | 1.4 | 3.4 | 2.4 | 2.0 | 1.2 | 2.1 ± 0.8 | 0.0938 |
| IgG (mg/dL) | ||||||||
| Baseline | 759 | 1100 | 1430 | 1020 | 689 | 1300 | 1050 ± 292 | – |
| After IC injection | 931 | 1050 | 1490 | 806 | 677 | 922 | 979 ± 280 | 0.5625 |
| After IV infusion | 967 | 1210 | 1440 | 930 | 649 | 1380 | 1096 ± 302 | 0.4375 |
| 1-Month follow-up | 970 | 1120 | 1530 | 1180 | 932 | 1760 | 1249 ± 329 | 0.0313 |
| 3-Month follow-up | 892 | 1250 | 1650 | 1270 | 943 | 1570 | 1263 ± 311 | 0.0313 |
| 6-Month follow-up | 917 | 1210 | 1790 | 1060 | 914 | 1510 | 1234 ± 352 | 0.0313 |
| 12-Month follow-up | 823 | 1180 | 1740 | 1160 | 947 | 1500 | 1225 ± 342 | 0.0313 |
| IgM (mg/dL) | ||||||||
| Baseline | 208.0 | 140.0 | 72.5 | 97.4 | 30.1 | 44.9 | 98.8 ± 66.2 | – |
| After IC injection | 226.0 | 169.0 | 71.0 | 94.1 | 19.1 | 25.2 | 100.7 ± 82.0 | 1.0000 |
| After IV infusion | 272.0 | 174.0 | 70.3 | 105.0 | 20.6 | 36.2 | 113.0 ± 95.2 | 0.6875 |
| 1-Month follow-up | 235.0 | 160.0 | 74.2 | 129.0 | 24.6 | 47.0 | 111.6 ± 78.8 | 0.1563 |
| 3-Month follow-up | 220.0 | 146.0 | 75.4 | 161.0 | 28.9 | 41.8 | 112.2 ± 75.4 | 0.2188 |
| 6-Month follow-up | 208.0 | 133.0 | 82.2 | 110.0 | 18.9 | 37.8 | 98.3 ± 68.7 | 1.0000 |
| 12-Month follow-up | 181.0 | 116.0 | 80.5 | 119.0 | 21.7 | 37.9 | 92.7 ± 58.7 | 0.4375 |
| Anti-HLA antibodies (%) | ||||||||
| Baseline | 0.7 | 0.2 | 1.0 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 1.1 | 0.6 ± 0.4 | – |
| After IC injection | 1.9 | 0.7 | 0.5 | 0.1 | 0.3 | 0.5 | 0.7 ± 0.6 | 0.9063 |
| After IV infusion | 1.7 | 0.4 | 0.7 | 0.3 | 3.9 | 0.4 | 1.2 ± 1.4 | 0.6875 |
| 1-Month follow-up | 2.4 | 0.9 | 2.4 | 1.7 | 1.6 | 0.1 | 1.5 ± 0.9 | 0.0938 |
| 3-Month follow-up | 0.7 | 0.1 | 0.8 | 0.7 | 0.1 | 0.6 | 0.5 ± 0.3 | 0.3750 |
| 6-Month follow-up | 0.8 | 1.9 | 0.7 | 1.0 | 0.5 | 0.9 | 1.0 ± 0.5 | 0.5625 |
| 12-Month follow-up | 0.3 | 0.2 | 1.9 | 0.5 | 0.1 | 0.8 | 0.6 ± 0.7 | 0.7500 |
| Panel reactive antibody assay (%) | ||||||||
| Baseline | 0.40 | 0.20 | 0.30 | 0.20 | 0.30 | 1.20 | 0.4 ± 0.4 | – |
| After IC injection | 1.20 | 0.10 | 0.40 | 0.20 | 0.40 | 0.70 | 0.5 ± 0.4 | 0.8125 |
| After IV infusion | 1.00 | 0.10 | 0.40 | 0.10 | 0.50 | 0.10 | 0.4 ± 0.4 | 1.0000 |
| 1-Month follow-up | 0.60 | 0.30 | 1.50 | 0.90 | 0.50 | 0.10 | 0.7 ± 0.5 | 0.3125 |
| 3-Month follow-up | 0.20 | 0.10 | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.10 | 0.50 | 0.2 ± 0.1 | 0.0625 |
| 6-Month follow-up | 0.30 | 0.70 | 0.50 | 1.20 | 0.40 | 0.80 | 0.7 ± 0.3 | 0.3438 |
| 12-Month follow-up | 0.10 | 0.10 | 1.30 | 0.20 | 0.10 | 0.30 | 0.4 ± 0.5 | 0.6250 |
aWilcoxon signed-rank test.
ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; CD, cluster of differentiation; CK, creatine kinase; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HLA, human leukocyte antigen; Ig, immunoglobulin; IC, intracoronary; IV, intravenous; RBC, red blood cell; WBC, white blood cell; SD, standard deviation.