Table 3.
Regional differences in the government stringency index
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) | (7) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Africa | Asia | Europe | North America | Oceania | South America | ||
| New cases (per million) | 0.0080*** | 0.0164*** | 0.0151*** | 0.0129*** | 0.0149*** | − 0.0088 | − 0.0000 |
| (0.000) | (0.002) | (0.001) | (0.000) | (0.001) | (0.010) | (0.001) | |
| Vaccinations (per hundred) | − 0.3777*** | − 0.3924*** | − 0.2191*** | − 0.4335*** | − 0.1160*** | 0.8732 | − 0.3477*** |
| (0.002) | (0.029) | (0.009) | (0.004) | (0.009) | (0.054) | (0.013) | |
| Africa | 5.7658*** | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| (0.275) | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
| Asia | 7.952*** | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| (0.347) | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
| Europe | − 5.065*** | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| (0.291) | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
| North America | 6.145*** | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| (0.346) | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
| Oceania | 44.071*** | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| (0.752) | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
| Hansen j | 142.68 | 34.38 | 37.29 | 41.71 | − 0.70 | 0.63 | 6.49 |
| 0.847 | 0.875 | 0.678 | 0.396 | 0.481 | 0.960 | 0.690 | |
| AR2 | − 1.37 | 0.70 | − 1.33 | − 0.75 | 14.24 | 1.00 | − 1.04 |
| 0.171 | 0.486 | 0.184 | 0.452 | 0.507 | 0.316 | 0.299 | |
| Instruments | 169 | 48 | 45 | 43 | 18 | 7 | 12 |
| Countries | 173 | 48 | 45 | 43 | 18 | 7 | 12 |
| Obs | 20,258 | 1794 | 5212 | 8482 | 2193 | 435 | 2142 |
Estimates based on two-step system GMM regressions. Hansen j denotes the Hansen test statistic for overidentifying restrictions. AR2 denotes the Arellano and Bond second order serial correlation test. Dependent variable is the Government Stringency Index. Robust Windmeijer (2005) standard errors in parentheses
*p < 0.10, **p < 0.05, ***p < 0.01