Table 4.
Institutional and Political Effects in the Government Stringency Index
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) | (7) | (8) | (9) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| New cases (per million) | 0.0139*** | – | 0.0129*** | 0.0003*** | 0.0061*** | 0.0004*** | 0.0133*** | 0.0131*** | 0.0128*** |
| (0.005) | – | (0.002) | (0.000) | (0.000) | (0.000) | (0.000) | (0.000) | (0.000) | |
| Vaccinations (per hundred) | − 0.3386*** | − 0.3649*** | − 0.3635*** | − 0.5082*** | − 0.4467*** | − 0.5001*** | − 0.3575*** | − 0.3582*** | − 0.3581*** |
| (0.043) | (0.052) | (0.000) | (0.002) | (0.002) | (0.002) | (0.002) | (0.002) | (0.002) | |
| Reproduction rate R0 | 9.7230 | 10.6117 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| (7.000) | (7.023) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
| High income country | – | – | − 2.8428*** | – | – | – | – | − 1.8100*** | 0.5167 |
| – | – | (0.134) | – | – | – | – | (0.164) | (0.346) | |
| ln GDP pc | – | – | – | − 16.3301*** | – | – | – | – | – |
| – | – | – | (0.170) | – | – | – | – | – | |
| Extreme poverty | – | – | – | – | 0.5506*** | – | – | – | – |
| – | – | – | – | (0.035) | – | – | – | – | |
| HDI | – | – | – | – | – | − 149.5101*** | – | – | – |
| – | – | – | – | – | (2.305) | – | – | – | |
| Good governance | – | – | – | – | – | – | − 3.5108*** | − 2.5101*** | − 0.6822** |
| – | – | – | – | – | – | (0.182) | (0.132) | (0.285) | |
| High income * Good governance | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | − 3.4041*** |
| – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | (0.237) | |
| Hansen j | 159.31 | 163.21 | 146.25 | 140.35 | 99.87 | 138.21 | − 1.22 | 143.61 | 142.20 |
| 0.523 | 0.459 | 0.791 | 0.878 | 0.787 | 0.921 | 0.222 | 0.819 | 0.826 | |
| AR2 | − 0.09 | − 0.07 | − 1.23 | − 1.17 | − 0.72 | − 1.18 | 144.83 | − 1.23 | − 1.24 |
| 0.931 | 0.944 | 0.218 | 0.241 | 0.470 | 0.236 | 0.815 | 0.217 | 0.213 | |
| Instruments | 165 | 165 | 165 | 165 | 116 | 167 | 165 | 165 | 165 |
| Countries | 169 | 169 | 173 | 166 | 116 | 168 | 173 | 173 | 173 |
| Obs | 19,944 | 19,944 | 20,258 | 19,690 | 14,311 | 19,988 | 20,258 | 20,258 | 20,258 |
Estimates based on two-step system GMM regressions. Hansen j denotes the Hansen test statistic for overidentifying restrictions. AR2 denotes the Arellano and Bond second order serial correlation test. Dependent variable is the Government Stringency Index. Robust Windmeijer (2005) standard errors in parentheses
*p < 0.10, **p < 0.05, 0***p < 0.01