Table 6.

Summary of studies on the cardiovascular toxicity of cyanobacterial cells containing cyanotoxins in birds in vivo

Cyanotoxins	Birds	Route	Doses	Duration	Acute/chronic	Cardiovascular effects	References
Microcystis aeruginosa NRC1	Chicken	i.p	80 mg cyanobacteria /kg	12 h	Acute	Petechial haemorrhages in myocardium, welling, loss of cross-striation and pigmentation of myocardial fibres	Konst et al. (1965)
M. aeruginosa NRC1	Chicken	Oral	2.2, 8, 16 g cyanobacteria /kg	24.5 h	Acute	Petechial haemorrhages in myocardium, swelling, loss of cross-striation and pigmentation of myocardial fibres	Konst et al. (1965)
M. aeruginosa NRC1	Duck	i.p	80, 320 mg cyanobacteria /kg	12 h	Acute	Petechial haemorrhages in myocardium	Konst et al. (1965)
M. aeruginosa NRC1	Duck	Oral	2.2, 16 g cyanobacteria /kg	12 h	Acute	Petechial haemorrhages in myocardium	Konst et al. (1965)
M. aeruginosa	Japanese quail	Oral	0.2, 2.24, 22.46, 224.6 µg MC/kg/day	10, 30 days	Sub-chronic	Heart: EROD↑, GST↑, GSH↑, GR↑, LPO↑	Pašková et al. (2008)
M. aeruginosa 90%, M. ichthyoblabe 10%	Japanese quail (♂)	Oral	about 210 µg MC/kg/day	30 days	Sub-chronic	Heart: GSH↑, GR↑	Pašková et al. (2011)

↑ increased, i.p. intraperitoneal, EROD 7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase, GSH glutathione, GR glutathione reductase, GST glutathione S-transferase, LPO lipid peroxidation, MC microcystin