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. 2022 Aug 23;11:92. doi: 10.1186/s40249-022-01016-5

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 1 — The entire framework and detailed weighted values for each of the GOHI-AMR structural indicators. The complete name and abbreviation of all indicators among three hierarchical indicators system of GOHI-AMR, consisting of 5 key indicators, 17 indicators, and 49 sub-indicators as following: 1. ASS (key indicator): AMR surveillance system. 1.1AMC (indicator): Antimicrobial consumption in both human and animals; 1.1.1 ACH (sub-indicator): Antimicrobial consumption in human; 1.1.2 ACA (sub-indicator): Antimicrobial consumption in animals; 1.1.3 PTU (sub-indicator): Pesticide Use; 1.2 AMU (indicator): Antimicrobial resistance status in human, animals, and food; 1.2.1 AMH (sub-indicator): AMR in human; 1.2.2AMA (sub-indicator): AMR in animals; 1.2.3 AMF: AMR in food; 1.3 EAR (indicator): Environmental surveillance system; 1.3.1 ESS: Environmental surveillance system; 2. LNC (key indicator): AMR laboratory network and coordination capacity. 2.1 NTC (indicator): National AMR capacity; 2.1.1 NRL (sub-indicator): National reference laboratory; 2.1.2 EIL (sub-indicator): Effective integration of laboratories; 2.2 TLV (indicator): Technical promotion score in AMR; 2.2.1 MSW (sub-indicator): multi-sector working on AMR; 2.2.2 SHL (sub-indicator): Standardization and harmonization of laboratories; 2.2.3 RDT: Relevance of diagnostic techniques; 2.2.4 LDM (sub-indicator): Technical level of data management; 2.3 NTP (indicator): National action plan formulations; 2.3.1 NPP (sub-indicator): National plan for AMR priority pathogens; 2.3.2 NAP (sub-indicator): National action plan on AMR; 2.3.3 LOE (sub-indicator): National action plan on AMR linked to any other existing action plans; 2.3.4 PAP (sub-indicator): Publishment of action plan; 3. ACO (key indicator): Antimicrobial control and optimization. 3.1 NLA (indicator): National law(s) for antibiotic use; 3.1.1 LUH (sub-indicator): National law(s) for the use of antibiotics in humans; 3.1.2. LUA (sub-indicator): National law(s) for antibiotic use in animals; 3.1.3. NLM: (sub-indicator) National law(s) on marketing of pesticides; 3.1.4. NLP (sub-indicator): National law(s) on prohibits the use of antibiotics; 3.2 AUO (indicator): Optimization of antimicrobial use; 3.2.1 OUH (sub-indicator): Optimizing antimicrobial use in human health; 3.2.2 OUA (sub-indicator): Optimizing antimicrobial use in animal health; 3.2.3 OAP (sub-indicator): Optimizing antimicrobial pesticide use in plants; 3.3 AUC (indicator): Interruption capacity of antimicrobial resistance transmission; 3.3.1 IPC (sub-indicator): Infection Prevention and Control in human; 3.3.2 RTA (sub-indicator): Reduce transmission of AMR in animal production; 3.3.3 RTF (sub-indicator): Reduce transmission of AMR in food processing; 4.IAU (key indicator): Improve awareness and understanding; 4.1PHA (indicator): Raising awareness and understanding; 4.1.1 RAU (sub-indicator): Raising awareness and understanding; 4.2 PFT (indicator): Professional training activities in multi-sectors; 4.2.1 THS (sub-indicator): Training in the human health sector; 4.2.2 TVS (sub-indicator): Training in the veterinary sector; 4.2.3TFS (sub-indicator): Training in the farming sector; 4.2.4 PSV (sub-indicator): Progress with strengthening veterinary services; 5.ARR (key indicator): Antimicrobial resistance rate for important antibiotics. 5.1 CAR (indicator): Carbapenems-resistents for multi-specise; 5.1.1 CR-KPN (sub-indicator): Carbapenems-resistent Klebsiella pneumoniae; 5.1.2 CR-ABA (sub-indicator): Carbapenems-resistent Acinetobacter baumannii; 5.1.3 CR-ECO (sub-indicator): Carbapenems-resistent Escherichia coli; 5.1.4CR-PAE (sub-indicator): Carbapenems-resistent Pseudomonas aeruginosa; 5.2 GLY (indicator): Vancomycin-resistents for Enterococcus faecium, and Enterococcus faecalis; 5.2.1 VR-EFM (sub-indicator): Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium; 5.2.2 VR-EFC (sub-indicator): Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis; 5.3 BLA (indicator): β-lactams-resistants for multi-specises; 5.3.1 MR-SA (sub-indicator): Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus; 5.3.2 BR-KPN (sub-indicator): Third-generation β-lactams-resistent Klebsiella pneumoniae; 5.3.3 BR-ECO (sub-indicator): Third-generation β-lactams-resistent Escherichia coli; 5.3.4 BR-SPN (sub-indicator): Third-generation β-lactams-resistent Streptococcus pneumoniae; 5.3.5 BR-PAE (sub-indicator): Third-generation β-lactams-resistent Pseudomonas aeruginosa; 5.4 MAC (indicator): Macrolides-resistent for Streptococcus pneumoniae; 5.4.1 MR-SPN (sub-indicator): Macrolides-resistent Streptococcus pneumoniae; 5.5 AMI (indicator): Aminoglycosides-resistents for Klebsiella pneumoniae and Acinetobacter baumannii; 5.5.1 AR-KPN (sub-indicator): Aminoglycosides-resistent Klebsiella pneumoniae; 5.5.2AR-ABA (sub-indicator): Aminoglycosides-resistent Acinetobacter baumannii; 5.6 QUI (indicator): Quinolone-resistents for Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter baumannii; 5.6.1QNR-KPN (sub-indicator): Quinolone-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae; 5.6.2QNR-ECO (sub-indicator): Quinolone-resistant Escherichia coli; 5.6.3QNR-ABA (sub-indicator): Quinolone-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii