Table 5.
Results of the measurement model.
| Latent variable | Indicator | UA | UB | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Estimate | p-value | Estimate | p-Value | ||
| Perceived naturalness | PN01 | 0.616 | 0.000 | 0.661 | 0.000 |
| PN02 | 0.627 | 0.000 | 0.707 | 0.000 | |
| PN03 | 0.817 | 0.000 | 0.896 | 0.000 | |
| PN04 | 0.795 | 0.000 | 0.904 | 0.000 | |
| PN05 | 0.832 | 0.000 | 0.861 | 0.000 | |
| Positive emotion |
PE01 | 0.836 | 0.000 | 0.816 | 0.000 |
| PE02 | 0.845 | 0.000 | 0.795 | 0.000 | |
| PE03 | 0.883 | 0.000 | 0.838 | 0.000 | |
| PE04 | 0.898 | 0.000 | 0.872 | 0.000 | |
| PE05 | 0.874 | 0.000 | 0.858 | 0.000 | |
| PE06 | 0.830 | 0.000 | 0.908 | 0.000 | |
| PE07 | 0.805 | 0.000 | 0.795 | 0.000 | |
| PE08 | 0.752 | 0.000 | 0.753 | 0.000 | |
| PE09 | 0.826 | 0.000 | 0.772 | 0.000 | |
| Place attachment | PA01 | 0.802 | 0.000 | 0.720 | 0.000 |
| PA02 | 0.718 | 0.000 | 0.658 | 0.000 | |
| PA03 | 0.771 | 0.000 | 0.731 | 0.000 | |
| PA04 | 0.634 | 0.000 | 0.653 | 0.000 | |
| PA05 | 0.830 | 0.000 | 0.834 | 0.000 | |
| PA06 | 0.807 | 0.000 | 0.817 | 0.000 | |
| PA07 | 0.878 | 0.000 | 0.906 | 0.000 | |
| PA08 | 0.806 | 0.000 | 0.774 | 0.000 | |
| Landscape preference | LP01 | 0.843 | 0.000 | 0.804 | 0.000 |
| LP02 | 0.845 | 0.000 | 0.812 | 0.000 | |
| LP03 | 0.844 | 0.000 | 0.791 | 0.000 | |
| LP04 | 0.789 | 0.000 | 0.706 | 0.000 | |
| LP05 | 0.791 | 0.000 | 0.685 | 0.000 | |
| LP06 | 0.708 | 0.000 | 0.735 | 0.000 | |
| LP07 | 0.645 | 0.000 | 0.692 | 0.000 | |
| LP08 | 0.843 | 0.000 | 0.763 | 0.000 | |
| LP09 | 0.780 | 0.000 | 0.735 | 0.000 | |
| LP10 | 0.689 | 0.000 | 0.611 | 0.000 | |