Trial profile.
Inclusion criteria were (1) willingness to participate in the study, (2) traumatic causes, (3) skeletal maturity, (4) ROM <100°, and (5) MCL needing to be completely released and reconstructed during preoperative or intraoperative evaluation. Exclusion criteria were (1) immunological or metabolic causes, (2) burns, (3) central nervous system injuries, and (4) loss to follow-up.