TABLE 2.
Long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular non‐coding RNAs (circRNAs) expression change for the development of neuropathic pain
| Mechanism | lncRNA | Mechanism | Tissue | Model |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| lncRNAs act as AS RNA | Egr2‐AS‐RNA ↑ | Egr2‐AS‐RNA inhibition delays peripheral myelination | Schwann cells | Sciatic nerve transection mice 103 |
| Kcna2‐AS‐RNA ↑ ↑ | Kcna2‐AS‐RNA targets Kcna2 mRNA and reduces Kv current | DRG | SNL rats 104 | |
| Scn9a NAT | NAT inhibits Scn9a mRNA and its encoding protein Nav1.7 and current | DRG | CCI mice 105 | |
| lncRNAs act as miRNA sponges | XIST ↑ | Sponge miRNA‐137, −150, −154‐3p, −544 to disinhibit corresponding targets expression including TNFAIP1, ZEB1, TLR5, and STAT3 | Spinal cord | CCI rats 106 , 107 , 108 , 109 |
| NEAT1 ↑ | Form NEAT1‐miR‐381‐HMGB1 axis to upregulate HMGB1 expression | Spinal cord | CCI rats 110 | |
| Form NEAT1‐miR‐128‐3p‐AQP4 axis to upregulate AQP4 expression | Spinal cord | SCI rats 111 | ||
| circHIPK3 ↑ | Form circHIPK3‐miR‐124 axis to promote neuroinflammation | DRG | NP rats 113 | |
| ciRS‐7 ↑ | Form ciRS‐7‐miR‐135a‐5p axis to promote autophagy and inflammation | Spinal cord | CCI rats 114 | |
| cirZNF609 ↑ | Form cirZNF609‐miR‐22‐3p‐ENO1 axis to promote neuroinflammation | Spinal cord | CCI rats 115 | |
| circ_0005075 ↑ | Form circ_0005075‐miR‐151a‐3p‐NOTCH2 axis to promote neuroinflammation | Spinal cord | CCI rats 116 | |
| lncRNAs regulate pain‐related molecules expression | DS‐lncRNA ↓ | DS‐lncRNA downregulation upregulates G9a, as well as downregulates G9a‐controlled opioid receptors and Kcna2 | DRG | SNL mice 117 |
| uc.48+ ↑ | uc.48+ increases P2X3 receptor expression and ERK1/2 activation | DRG | DNP rats 119 | |
| BC168687 ↑ | BC168687 increases P2X7 receptor expression, SGCs activation, and serum NO | DRG | DNP rats 120 | |
| BC168687 ↑ | BC168687 increases TRPV1 expression | DRG | DNP rats 121 | |
| NONARATT02197 ↑ | NONARATT02197 activates TNF‐a related pathway | DRG | DNP rats 31 | |
| NONARATT02197 ↑ | NONARATT02197 increases P2X receptor expression | DRG | DNP rats 122 | |
| NONARATT02197 ↑ | NONARATT02197 increases P2X7 receptor expression | DRG | DNP rats 123 | |
| MRAK009713 ↑ | MRAK009713 increases P2X3 receptor expression | DRG | CCI rats 124 | |
| Lncenc1 ↑ | Lncenc1 interacts with EZH2 and downregulates Bai1 expression in microglia | DRG | pSNL mice 125 | |
| SNHG1 ↑ | SNHG1 targets CDK4 to induce neuroinflammation | Spinal cord | SNL rats 126 | |
| PKIA‐AS1 ↑ | PKIA‐AS1 targets CDK6 to induce neuroinflammation | Spinal cord | SNL rats 127 | |
| Kcna2‐AS‐RNA ↑ | It promotes pSTAT3 nucleus translocation and spinal cord neuroinflammation | Spinal cord | Postherpetic neuralgia rats 129 | |
| lncRNAs modulate miRNA processing | uc.153 ↑ | uc.153 negatively modulates pre‐miR‐182‐5p processing and maturation, disinhibits EphB1 and p‐NR2B expression | Spinal cord | CCI mice 130 |
Abbreviations: AQP4, aquaporin 4; AS RNA, antisense RNA; CCI, chronic constriction injury; CDK4, cyclin‐dependent kinase 4; CDK6, cyclin‐dependent kinase 6; DNP, diabetic neuropathic pain; DRG, dorsal root ganglion; ENO1, enolase 1; EphB1, ephrin type‐b 1; EZH2, enhancer of zeste homolog 2; HMGB1, high mobility group box 1; NAT, natural antisense transcript; NOTCH2, NOTCH receptor 2; NP, neuropathic pain; pSNL, partial sciatic nerve ligation; pSTAT3, phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3; SCI, spinal cord injury; SGC, satellite glia cell; SNL, spinal nerve ligation; STAT3, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3; TLR5, toll‐like receptor 5; TNFAIP1, tumor necrosis factor alpha‐induced protein 1; TRPV1, transient receptor potential vanilloid 1; XIST, X‐inactive specific transcript; ZEB1, zinc finger E‐box binding homeobox 1.