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. 2022 Jun 2;2(5):100138. doi: 10.1016/j.xjidi.2022.100138

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© 2022 The Authors

This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

PMC Copyright notice

ON101 modulates M1-associated cytokine release and gene expressions under high-glucose conditions. (a) Experimental design and data analysis flow chart to reveal the gene expression profiles in M1 macrophages after ON101 treatment evaluated by RNA sequencing. (b) Cytokine/chemokine gene expressions altered by 48 hrs of ON101 treatments in M1 macrophages analyzed by q-RT-PCR. DMSO serves as a control treatment. Data are shown as means ± SEMs of three independent experiments. (c) Relative levels of secreted proinflammatory cytokines measured by ELISA for 24 hrs (IL-6 and TNF-α) and 96 hrs (IL-1β) after M1-polarizing (n = 6 individual donors; paired Student’s t-test). Data are shown as means ± SEM. ^∗∗P < 0.01 and ^∗∗∗P < 0.001. hr, hour; RNA seq, RNA sequencing..