Table 1.
Characteristics of the included RCTs.
| Study | Country | Design | Patient number | Mean age | Male | Baseline HbA1c | T2DM duration | Background treatment | Intervention | Control | Treatment duration | MAGE measuring | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| year | % | % | years | days | |||||||||
| (21) | USA | R, OL, CO | 24 | 58.3 | 79.2 | 7.6 | 7 | Metformin | Vildagliptin 50mg Bid | Glimepiride 2mg Qd | 5 | 24h-CGM | |
| (22) | Korea | R, DB | 33 | 57.6 | 57.6 | 7.2 | 5.4 | Metformin | Sitagliptin 100mg Qd | Glimepiride 2mg Qd | 28 | 72h-CGM | |
| (23) | Japan | R, CO | 11 | 58 | NR | 7.3 | 8 | Drug naïve | Sitagliptin 50mg Qd | Mitiglinide 10mg Tid | 28 | 24h-CGM | |
| (24) | Japan | R, OL | 29 | 64.4 | 79.3 | 7 | NR | Acarbose | Sitagliptin 50mg Qd | Mitiglinide 5-10mg Tid | 28 | 72h-CGM | |
| (25) | China | R | 41 | 68.8 | 56.1 | 7.2 | 0 | Metformin | Sitagliptin 100mg Qd | Glimepiride 1-4mg Qd | 168 | 72h-CGM | |
| (29) | Japan | R, SB | 99 | 61.4 | 40.4 | 7.4 | NR | Drug naïve | Linagliptin 5mg Qd | Voglibose 0.2mg Tid | 84 | 24h-CGM | |
| (28) | Korea | R, SB | 31 | 49.4 | 71 | 9.6 | 0.8 | Drug naïve | Gemigliptin 50 mg Qd | Glimepiride 2mg Qd | 84 | 72h-CGM | |
| (28) | Korea | R, SB | 27 | 50.5 | 75 | 9.3 | 1.6 | Drug naïve | Sitagliptin 100 mg Qd | Glimepiride 2mg Qd | 84 | 72h-CGM | |
| (22) | Korea | R, OL | 25 | 56.4 | 52 | 7.3 | NR | Metformin | Vildagliptin 50mg Bid | Pioglitazone 15mg Qd | 112 | 72h-CGM | |
| (22) | Korea | R, OL | 34 | 56 | 58.8 | 7.6 | 6.1 | Metformin | Vildagliptin 50mg Bid | Glimepiride 1-2mg Qd | 84 | 48-h CGM | |
| 30) | Japan | R, OL | 52 | 59.8 | 98.1 | 7.8 | 8.1 | Drug naïve | Sitagliptin 50mg Qd | Glibenclamide 2.5 mg Qd | 14 | 24h-CGM | |
| (31) | Brazil | R, SB | 37 | 61.9 | 0 | 7.3 | NR | Metformin | Vildagliptin 50mg Bid | Gliclazide 60-120mg Qd | 168 | 48-h CGM | |
| (32) | Japan | R, CO | 11 | 51.9 | 72.7 | 7.6 | 4.9 | Metformin (750mg/d) | Linagliptin 5mg Qd | Metformin 500mg Tid | 28 | 24h-CGM | |
| (33) | Japan | R, SB | 331 | 58.1 | 60.1 | 7.8 | 5.8 | Drug naïve or metformin | Sitagliptin 50-100mg Qd | Dapagliflozin 5-10mg Qd | 168 | 24h-FGM | |
| (34) | Korea | R, SB | 70 | 52 | 65.7 | 7.9 | 2.8 | Drug naïve or metformin | Gemigliptin 50 mg Qd | Dapagliflozin 10mg Qd | 84 | 72h-CGM | |
RCTs, randomized controlled trials; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobulin; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus; MAGE, mean amplitude of glycemic excursions; R, randomized; DB, double blind; SB, single blind; OL, open-label; CO, crossover; Qd, once daily; Bid, twice daily; Tid, three times per day; CGM, continuous glucose monitoring; FGM, flash glucose monitoring.