FIGURE 8.

EA lowered GFAP and HDAC1/3 expression levels after CCI-TBI. (A,C) Representative Western blot results show protein levels of GFAP (A); HDAC1, HDAC3, and HDAC2 (C) in the cortex at 48 h from the Control, CCI, CCI+EA, and CCI+EA-NAP groups. (B,D) Quantitative analysis of GFAP (B), HDAC1/3/2 (D) protein levels at 48 h in cortical samples from the Control, CCI, CCI+EA, and CCI+EA-NAP groups. Quantitative analysis of GFAP (B) and HDAC1/3/2 (D) protein expression levels in (A,C), respectively. (E) HDAC3 activity in the CCI+EA group was measured and compared with the CCI group, as described in the “Materials and methods.” Cortical tissues were harvested from ≥ 5 mice per group 48 h after CCI injury (or anesthesia only, in the controls). Data are the means ± S.E.M. of at least three independent experiments. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 [Statistical testing was performed by one-way ANOVA with Newman-Keuls test in (B,D) and by Student’s t-test in (E)]. The number underneath each bar in (B,D,E) refers to the number of mice used in the study group. The representative images were cropped from the original Western blot images, which are presented in Supplementary Figures 11, 12. The detailed data points of (E) are presented in Supplementary Figure 13. The F values of one-way ANOVA for (B,D) are presented in Supplementary Table 7.