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. 2022 Aug 9;13:925132. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2022.925132

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Copyright © 2022 Wang, Ye, Zhang and Ling.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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The EAPC of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease age-standardized rates from 1990 to 2019, by countries. (A) The EAPC of age-standardized incidence rate. (B) The EAPC of age standardized death rate. (C) The EAPC of age-standardized DALY rate. EAPC = estimated annual percentage change. DALY = disability adjusted life-year.