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. 2022 Aug 22;182(10):1044–1051. doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2022.3687

Figure 3. Estimated Increase in the Probability of Having Medical Debt in Collections by Type of Chronic Condition.

Figure 3.

Each column reports the marginal increase in the absolute predicted probability (in percentage points) of having medical debt in collections for each chronic condition relative to not having that condition. Results are from 2-part exponential hurdle models (1 for each chronic condition); additional covariates for all models include sex and age-band fixed effects. Standard errors are robust. All point estimates are significantly different from the reference category of not having each chronic condition (P < .001). Error bars indicate the 95% CI for each estimate. CHF indicates congestive heart failure; CKD, chronic kidney disease; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.