Table 5.
Multivariable logistic regression analysis of undernutrition and its associated factors among people on HAART in health facilities in the Bench Maji Zone, Ethiopia, 2018.
| Variable | Category | Undernourished | COR& (95% CI) | AOR@ (95% CI) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No | Yes | |||||
| Age | 18–29 | 267 | 53 | 1 | 1 | |
| 30–39 | 354 | 58 | 0.8 (0.6–1.2) | 1.2 (0.7–1.9) | 0.554 | |
| 40–49 | 149 | 30 | 1.0 (0.6–1.7) | 1.4 (0.8–2.5) | 0.216 | |
| ≥50 | 37 | 13 | 1.8 (0.9–3.6) | 2.5 (1.1–5.6)* | 0.028 | |
| Marital status | Married | 480 | 70 | 1 | 1 | |
| Single | 136 | 45 | 2.3 (1.5–3.5) | 2.2 (1.4–3.7)* | 0.001 | |
| Widowed | 78 | 19 | 1.7 (1.0–2.9) | 1.1 (0.6–2.0) | 0.773 | |
| Divorced | 113 | 20 | 1.2 (0.7–2.1) | 0.9 (0.5–1.5) | 0.585 | |
| Residence | Urban | 578 | 103 | 1 | 1 | |
| Rural | 229 | 51 | 1.3 (0.9–1.8) | 1.3 (0.8–2.0) | 0.300 | |
| Educational status | Illiterate | 223 | 58 | 1.8 (0.8–4.0) | 1.6 (0.7–3.9) | 0.271 |
| Primary (1–8) | 349 | 62 | 1.2 (0.6–2.7) | 1.2 (0.5–2.8) | 0.675 | |
| Secondary school (9–12) | 180 | 26 | 1.0 (0.4–2.3) | 0.9 (0.4–2.3) | 0.896 | |
| Diploma and above | 55 | 8 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Source of drinking water | Tape water | 487 | 91 | 1 | 1 | |
| Spring water | 213 | 38 | 1.0 (0.6–1.4) | 0.9 (0.6–1.5) | 0.736 | |
| Liver water | 38 | 13 | 1.8 (0.9–3.6) | 1.7 (0.8–3.8) | 0.163 | |
| Well water | 69 | 12 | 0.9 (0.5–1.8) | 0.9 (0.4–1.8) | 0.733 | |
| CD4 count | ≤ 200 | 45 | 19 | 2.3 (1.3–4.0) | 1.5 (0.8–2.9) | 0.268 |
| 201–499 | 213 | 33 | 0.8 (0.5–1.3) | 0.7 (0.4–1.1) | 0.135 | |
| ≥500 | 549 | 102 | 1 | |||
| OI | Yes | 69 | 31 | 2.7 (1.7–4.3) | 1.0 (0.5–2.0) | .950 |
| No | 738 | 123 | 1 | 1 | ||
| GI symptom | Yes | 67 | 40 | 3.9 (2.5–6.0) | 2.6 (1.5–4.4)* | 0.001 |
| No | 740 | 114 | 1 | 1 | ||
| WHO clinical stage | Stage one | 745 | 125 | 1 | 1 | |
| Stage two | 27 | 7 | 1.5 (0.7–3.6) | 1.5 (0.6–3.7) | 0.388 | |
| Stage three and four | 35 | 22 | 3.5 (1.9–6.4) | 2.8 (1.3–6.0)* | 0.010 | |
| Time since HIV diagnosis | <12 months | 60 | 22 | 2.1 (1.2–3.6) | 1.3 (0.3–5.3) | 0.720 |
| 13–36 months | 112 | 22 | 1.1 (0.7–1.9) | 0.9 (0.4–2.2) | 0.822 | |
| 37–60 months | 96 | 16 | 1.0 (0.5–1.7) | 0.7 (0.4–1.4) | 0.346 | |
| ≥61 months | 539 | 94 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Current ART regimen | 1c (AZT+3TC+NVP) | 164 | 36 | 1 | 1 | |
| 1d (AZT+3TC+EFV) | 73 | 17 | 1.1 (0.6–2.0) | 1.2 (0.6–2.3) | 0.659 | |
| 1e (TDF+3TC+EFV) | 504 | 93 | 0.8 (0.6–1.3) | 0.7 (0.4–1.1) | 0.106 | |
| Other | 66 | 8 | 0.6 (0.2–1.3) | 0.5 (0.2–1.1) | 0.078 | |
| Duration on ART | ≤ 6 months | 35 | 14 | 2.3 (1.2–4.5) | 1.3 (0.3–5.6) | 0.767 |
| 7–12 months | 55 | 12 | 1.3 (0.7–2.5) | 1.0 (0.3–3.5) | 0.975 | |
| 12–36 months | 125 | 27 | 1.3 (0.8–2.0) | 1.4 (0.6–3.1) | 0.433 | |
| >36 months | 592 | 101 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Side effects of ART | Yes | 34 | 13 | 2.1 (1.2–4.1) | 1.4 (0.7–3.2) | 0.361 |
| No | 773 | 141 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Drug adherence | Poor | 32 | 12 | 2.1 (1.0–4.1) | 1.7 (0.8–3.8) | 0.207 |
| Fair | 14 | 4 | 1.6 (0.5–4.9) | 1.4 (0.4–4.6) | 0.563 | |
| Good | 761 | 138 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Food frequency $ | Poor | 54 | 23 | 2.4 (1.5–4.1) | 1.7 (0.9–3.0) | 0.110 |
| Good | 753 | 131 | 1 | |||
| Diet counseling | Yes | 505 | 105 | 1 | 1 | |
| No | 302 | 49 | 0.8 (0.5–1.1) | 0.8 (0.5–1.2) | 0.190 | |
*
Statistically significant, & = Crude Odds Ratio, @ = Adjusted Odds Ratio.
$
Food frequency is poor if less 3 per day, and good if 3 and above per day.
Bold values means statistically significant.