Figure 1.

Schematic of acetabular reaming to induce heterotopic ossification in the mouse. (A–E). (A) The hip is accessed using an anterolateral approach through the intermuscular plane between the rectus femoris and vastus lateralis, and proximally the gluteus medius. (B–D) After capsulectomy is carried out, the femoral head is dislocated and the acetabulum is reamed until the articular cartilage is removed. (E) The femoral head is reduced into the acetabular cavity and the soft tissue are carefully closed. (F) Both periosteal and inter/intramuscular heterotopic bone are observed post-operatively over a 12-week period.