Table 4A.

5-week mean (SD) STAI-State scores immediately before vs. immediately after breathing exercises, by class^*.

Class	Before		After		p-values‡
	∑n**	Mean (SD)	∑n**	Mean (SD)
Control	67	11.51 (4.18)
SP-1	17	11.24 (2.88)	17	9.35 (2.98)	0.69
SP-2	22	10.68 (3.36)	21	9.62 (2.75)	0.99
GP	43	10.67 (3.27)	43	9.05 (2.89)	0.43

GP, guided-pace breathing group; SD, standard deviation; SP-1, self-paced group 1; SP-2, self-paced group 2; STAI, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory.

^*Control class completed STAI-State once per instance; breathing classes completed it before and after that day's breathing exercises.

^**Total number of participants per class contributing to the 5 weeks' of data.

^‡Multivariate analyses of variance were conducted to compare within-class changes in STAI-State from immediately before to immediately after breathing exercises.