Table 3.
Influence of exercise on total intervention group (N = 244).
| Variables | n | T-1 Mean (SD) | T-2 Mean (SD) | T-2-T-1 | %Δ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Body weight (kg) | 134 | 85.0 (28.6) | 85.8 (27.5) | 0.8 | 0.9 |
| BMI | 130 | 29.5 (9.3) | 29.8 (9.0) | 0.3 | 1.0 |
| Current pain | 230 | 2.1 (2.6) | 1.7 (2.3) | −0.4 | −23.5* |
| Average pain | 223 | 3.2 (2.7) | 2.3 (2.9) | −0.9 | −39.1† |
| Arm ergometer (ArmE) | |||||
| ArmE speed: 3 min (m/s) | 214 | 7.0 (4.1) | 7.2 (3.2) | 0.2 | 2.7 |
| ArmE speed: 9 min (m/s) | 203 | 5.7 (3.9) | 5.7 (3.0) | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| ArmE RPE: 3 min | 232 | 3.2 (1.7) | 3.2 (1.7) | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| ArmE RPE: 9 min | 219 | 5.6 (2.1) | 5.3 (2.1) | −0.3 | −5.7* |
| ArmE total distance (km) | 211 | 1.6 (1.0) | 1.8 (3.2) | 0.2 | 11.1 |
| Uppertone (n = 96) | |||||
| Biceps (kg) | 81 | 13.7 (9.1) | 15.3 (9.3) | 1.6 | 10.4† |
| Chest (kg) | 88 | 22.8 (11.2) | 26.8 (10.4) | 4.0 | 14.9† |
| Rickshaw (kg) | 86 | 16.6 (8.2) | 20.9 (9.5) | 4.3 | 20.6† |
| Rowing (kg) | 90 | 23.0 (10.2) | 28.0 (9.6) | 5.0 | 17.9† |
| Equalizer (n = 148) | |||||
| Biceps (kg) | 62 | 10.7 (6.8) | 13.0 (7.1) | 2.3 | 17.7† |
| Chest (kg) | 76 | 15.5 (10.2) | 21.0 (11.9) | 5.5 | 26.2† |
| Rickshaw (kg) | 128 | 23.0 (13.4) | 30.5 (16.7) | 7.5 | 24.6† |
| Rowing (kg) | 76 | 20.0 (9.7) | 26.0 (12.3) | 6.0 | 23.1† |
SD, standard deviation; ArmE, arm ergometer; min, minutes; m/s, meters per second; kg, kilograms; km, kilometers,
*
p < 0.05,
†
p < 0.01.