Table 3.
Baseline characteristics.
| Variables | WBE group (n = 7) | LBE group (n = 7) | P -value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (year) | 66 ± 8.1 | 69 ± 4.9 | 0.310 |
| Gender (F/M) | 2/5 | 2/5 | - |
| Weight (kg) | 65.2 ± 15.9 | 55.5 ± 13.5 | 0.243 |
| Height (m) | 159.7 ± 5.3 | 160.9 ± 3.5 | 0.641 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25.4 ± 4.5 | 21.4 ± 4.6 | 0.130 |
| mMRC | 1.7 ± 0.5 | 1.7 ± 0.9 | 1.000 |
| FEV1 (%predicted) | 51.2 ± 17.4 | 61.6 ± 30.1 | 0.472 |
| FVC (%predicted) | 60.2 ± 24.8 | 75.0 ± 23.2 | 0.289 |
| FEV1/FVC (%) | 58.7 ± 10.2 | 59.1 ± 11.0 | 0.516 |
| MIP (cmH2O) | 58.1 ± 25.0 | 67.0 ± 18.7 | 0.467 |
| MEP (cmH2O) | 98.6 ± 27.9 | 90.1 ± 36.2 | 0.634 |
| Quadriceps strength (Nm) | 128.1 ± 20.9 | 128.5 ± 23.5 | 0.553 |
| Hand grip strength (Nm) | 24.9 ± 9.0 | 22.1 ± 6.7 | 0.400 |
| FTSTS (seconds) | 13.9 ± 2.7 | 16.9 ± 7.4 | 0.345 |
| TUG (seconds) | 11.2 ± 1.3 | 16.4 ± 6.2 | 0.053 |
| 6MWT (meters) | 335.0 ± 107.2 | 290.1 ± 96.0 | 0.426 |
| ISWT (meters) | 254.3 ± 132.1 | 185.7 ± 53.8 | 0.228 |
| ESWT (seconds) | 352.3 ± 245.5 | 570.0 ± 269.4 | 0.140 |
Data are presented as mean ± SD.
WBE, water-based exercise; LBE, land-based exercise; BMI, body mass index; mMRC, modified Medical Research Council dyspnea scale; FEV1, forced expiratory volume in one second; FVC, forced vital capacity; %predicted, percentage of the predicted normal value; MIP, maximal inspiratory mouth pressure; MEP, maximal expiratory mouth pressure; FTSTS, five times sit to stand test; TUG, timed up and go test; 6MWT, six-minute walk test; ISWT, incremental shuttle walk test; ESWT, endurance shuttle walk test; ESWT.