Table 4.
Changes in pulmonary function, respiratory and peripheral muscles function, balance ability, and functional exercise capacity outcomes.
| Variables | WBE group (n = 7) | LBE group (n = 7) | Adjusted differences (95%) at post training | P -value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pre-training | Post-training | Pre-training | Post-training | |||
| Pulmonary function | ||||||
| FEV1 (%pred) | 51.2 ± 17.4 | 53.0 ± 18.4 | 61.6 ± 30.1 | 65.7 ± 37.2 | −2.6 (−26.1 to 20.9) | 0.811 |
| FVC (%pred) | 60.2 ± 24.8 | 73.8 ± 24.6 | 75.0 ± 23.2 | 75.9 ± 25.3 | 6.3 (−22.7 to 35.2) | 0.641 |
| FEV1/FVC (%) | 58.7 ± 10.2 | 57.9 ± 13.4 | 59.1 ± 11.0 | 58.4 ± 18.6 | −15.8 (−32.7 to 1.2) | 0.266 |
| Respiratory and peripheral muscles function | ||||||
| MIP (cmH2O) | 58.1 ± 25.0 | 69.3 ± 24.8† | 67.0 ± 18.7 | 68.1 ± 21.9 | 10.1 (1.5–18.7) | 0.026* |
| MEP (cmH2O) | 98.6 ± 27.9 | 131.0 ± 55.5† | 90.14 ± 36.2 | 92.3 ± 30.9 | 29.1 (−2.9 to 61.2) | 0.071 |
| Quadriceps strength (Nm) | 128.1 ± 20.9 | 132.8 ± 40.8 | 128.4 ± 23.5 | 124.5 ± 12.2 | 40.2 (14.8–65.5) | 0.327 |
| Hand grip strength (Nm) | 24.9 ± 9.0 | 26.3 ± 8.0 | 22.1 ± 6.7 | 22.6 ± 6.7 | 1.5 (−2.4 to 5.4) | 0.520 |
| Balance ability | ||||||
| FTSTS (sec) | 13.9 ± 2.7 | 12.1 ± 2.2 | 16.9 ± 7.4 | 15.3 ± 5.4 | −1.6 (−5.3 to 2.1) | 0.368 |
| TUG (sec) | 11.2 ± 1.3 | 9.7 ± 1.5† | 16.4 ± 6.2 | 14.4 ± 5.6† | −0.4 (−2.7 to 2.0) | 0.741 |
| Functional exercise capacity | ||||||
| 6MWT (m) | 335.0 ± 107.2 | 360.6 ± 103.2 | 290.1 ± 96.1 | 292.0 ± 106.0 | 25.2 (−20.3 to 70.8) | 0.248 |
| ISWT (m) | 254.3 ± 132.1 | 282.9 ± 120.2 | 185.7 ± 53.8.0 | 202.9 ± 78.9 | 16.7 (−36.8 to 70.3) | 0.506 |
| ESWT (sec) | 352.3 ± 245.5 | 985.7 ± 304.7† | 570.0 ± 269.4 | 615.4 ± 281.0 | 548.8 (274.5 to 823.1) | 0.001* |
Data are presented as mean ± SD and mean (95% CI).
P-values are reported for between-group comparisons (analysis of covariance of post-training values adjusted for baseline values as covariates).
A statistically significant difference within groups (p < 0.05).
WBE, water-based exercise; LBE, land-based exercise; FEV1, forced expiratory volume in one second; FVC, forced vital capacity; %pred, percentage of the predicted normal value; MIP, maximal inspiratory mouth pressure; MEP, maximal expiratory mouth pressure; FTSTS, five times sit to stand test; TUG, timed up and go test; 6MWT, six-minute walk test; ISWT, incremental shuttle walk test; ESWT, endurance shuttle walk test; ESWT.