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. 2022 Aug 11;3:864990. doi: 10.3389/fresc.2022.864990

Table 5.

Descriptive statistics for the Profile of Mood States negative subscales, for each group by the TIME factor, and significance differences from pairwise comparisons.

Measure Intervention Time Mean SD 95% CI
 p value np 2
LL UL
Tension 2D Audiovisuals* pre-test 1.733 1.083 1.185 2.282 <0.001 0.146
post-test 1.233 1.010 0.722 1.744
2D Visuals only* pre-test 1.000 0.992 0.498 0.602 0.013 0.071
post-test 0.667 0.951 0.185 1.148
2D Audio only* pre-test 1.011 1.209 0.399 1.623 0.046 0.046
post-test 0.744 1.134 0.170 1.318
VR Audiovisuals pre-test 2.000 1.148 1.426 2.574 0.402 0.008
post-test 2.111 0.742 1.736 2.486
VR Visuals only* pre-test 2.000 0.779 1.606 2.394 0.021 0.062
post-test 2.311 0.742 1.935 2.687
VR Audio only pre-test 1.744 1.130 1.172 2.316 0.867 0.000
post-test 1.767 1.190 1.165 2.369
Anger 2D Audiovisuals* pre-test 1.744 1.278 1.097 2.391 <0.008 0.082
post-test 1.267 1.218 0.651 1.883
2D Visuals only pre-test 1.011 1.188 0.410 1.612 0.102 0.031
post-test 0.722 1.085 0.173 1.271
2D Audio only pre-test 0.733 1.109 0.172 1.294 0.527 0.005
post-test 0.722 1.341 0.043 1.401
VR Audiovisuals pre-test 1.833 1.208 1.222 2.444 0.949 0.000
post-test 1.844 1.181 1.246 2.442
VR Visuals only pre-test 1.878 0.825 1.461 2.295 0.800 0.001
post-test 1.833 0.611 1.524 2.142
VR Audio only pre-test 1.700 1.075 1.156 2.444 0.312 0.012
post-test 1.878 1.193 1.274 2.482
Fatigue 2D Audiovisuals* pre-test 1.533 1.036 1.009 2.057 0.019 0.064
post-test 1.213 1.021 0.697 1.730
2D Visuals only pre-test 0.907 0.928 0.437 1.377 0.236 0.017
post-test 0.747 1.024 0.229 1.265
2D Audio only pre-test 0.933 1.102 0.375 1.491 0.139 0.026
post-test 0.733 1.081 0.186 1.280
VR Audiovisuals pre-test 1.987 1.175 1.392 2.582 0.373 0.009
post-test 1.867 1.158 1.281 2.453
VR Visuals only* pre-test 1.853 0.863 −434,900 436.700 0.019 0.064
post-test 2.173 0.919 1.708 2.638
VR Audio only pre-test 1.947 1.215 1.332 2.562 0.692 0.002
post-test 2.000 1.290 1.347 2.653
Depression 2D Audiovisuals* pre-test 1.911 1.352 1.227 2.595 <0.001 0.201
post-test 1.124 1.144 0.545 1.703
2D Visuals only pre-test 1.056 1.080 0.477 1.635 0.170 0.022
post-test 0.819 1.143 0.241 1.397
2D Audio only pre-test 0.956 1.391 0.352 1.560 0.095 0.033
post-test 0.667 1.151 0.084 1.249
VR Audiovisuals pre-test 2.078 1.536 1.301 2.855 0.182 0.021
post-test 1.848 1.293 1.194 2.502
VR Visuals only pre-test 2.044 0.878 1.600 2.488 0.114 0.029
post-test 1.771 0.887 2.322 3.200
VR Audio only pre-test 2.000 1.252 1.366 2.634 0.293 0.013
post-test 1.819 1.090 1.267 2.371
Esteem-related Affect 2D Audiovisuals* pre-test 1.911 0.684 1.565 2.257 <0.001 0.246
post-test 2.678 0.683 2.332 3.024
2D Visuals only* pre-test 1.544 0.853 1.112 1.976 <0.001 0.342
post-test 2.511 0.689 2.162 2.860
2D Audio only* pre-test 1.656 0.790 1.256 2.056 <0.001 0.392
post-test 2.733 0.881 2.287 3.179
VR Audiovisuals* pre-test 2.267 0.666 1.930 2.604 <0.001 0.172
post-test 2.878 0.717 2.541 3.215
VR Visuals only* pre-test 1.744 0.462 1.510 1.978 <0.001 0.300
post-test 2.878 0.619 1.336 4.420
VR Audio only* pre-test 2.189 0.450 1.068 3.310 <0.001 0.362
post-test 2.622 0.520 1.327 3.917
Vigor 2D Audiovisuals pre-test 2.253 0.996 1.749 2.757 0.490 0.006
post-test 2.147 0.927 1.678 2.616
2D Visuals only pre-test 1.640 1.085 1.091 2.189 1.000 0.000
post-test 1.640 1.020 1.124 2.156
2D Audio only pre-test 1.840 0.923 1.373 2.307 0.666 0.002
post-test 1.773 1.178 1.117 2.369
VR Audiovisuals pre-test 2.627 0.855 2.194 3.060 0.863 0.000
post-test 2.653 0.890 2.203 3.103
VR Visuals only pre-test 2.253 0.648 1.924 2.581 0.302 0.013
post-test 2.093 0.751 1.713 2.473
VR Audio only pre-test 2.587 0.648 2.259 2.915 0.931 0.000
post-test 2.600 0.524 2.335 2.865

Computed using alpha = 0.05.

*Significant.