Table 1.
Descriptive statistics for analyzed variables, and completely standardized LISREL loadings for latent constructs.
| MIDUS Wave One (1995– ‘96) | MIDUS Wave Two (2004– ‘06) | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Blacks | Whites | Blacks | Whites | |||||||||
| Variable | Loading | Mean | Std. Dev | Loading | Mean | Std. Dev | Loading | Mean | Std. Dev | Loading | Mean | Std. Dev |
| Major Discrimination | – | 2.6 | 2.72 | – | .78 | 1.65 | – | 2.4 | 2.43 | – | .920 | 1.80 |
| Everyday Discriminat. | – | 18.9 | 6.20 | – | 12.3 | 4.09 | – | 17.5 | 6.21 | – | 12.5 | 4.16 |
| Psychological Distress | ||||||||||||
| So sad … | .672 | 1.55 | .915 | .672 | 1.37 | .676 | .645 | 1.59 | .922 | .645 | 1.35 | .656 |
| Nervous | .574 | 1.71 | .950 | .571 | 1.80 | .846 | .597 | 1.78 | .925 | .539 | 1.77 | .815 |
| Restless/fidgety | .604 | 1.63 | .897 | .536 | 1.74 | .834 | .663 | 1.80 | 1.04 | .512 | 1.73 | .812 |
| Hopeless | .756 | 1.33 | .773 | .684 | 1.25 | .615 | .821 | 1.52 | .976 | .637 | 1.24 | .603 |
| Everything an effort | .697 | 1.69 | 1.126 | .643 | 1.57 | .838 | .707 | 1.86 | 1.59 | .613 | 1.62 | .860 |
| Worthless | .715 | 1.33 | .809 | .621 | 1.26 | .639 | .746 | 1.40 | .889 | .603 | 1.25 | .636 |
| Cheerful | −.796 | 3.69 | .810 | −.778 | 3.62 | .681 | −.824 | 3.68 | .785 | −.795 | 3.63 | .676 |
| In good spirits | −.826 | 3.76 | .754 | −.806 | 3.72 | .667 | −.808 | 3.84 | .704 | −.824 | 3.74 | .659 |
| Extremely happy | −.691 | 3.13 | .962 | −.707 | 2.94 | .934 | −.720 | 3.25 | 1.07 | −.707 | 2.93 | .958 |
| Calm and peaceful | −.762 | 3.58 | .914 | −.761 | 3.42 | .874 | −.764 | 3.65 | .926 | −.744 | 3.48 | .847 |
| Satisfied | −.707 | 3.51 | .925 | −.790 | 3.48 | .921 | −.776 | 3.51 | .934 | −.778 | 3.52 | .888 |
| Full of life | −.701 | 3.61 | .952 | −.779 | 3.28 | .996 | −.773 | 3.55 | 1.06 | −.757 | 3.25 | .997 |
| Mastery | ||||||||||||
| There is little I can do … | −.653 | 2.96 | 2.214 | −.569 | 2.55 | 1.790 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| I often feel helpless … | −.753 | 3.01 | 2.056 | −.707 | 2.66 | 1.807 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| I can do … anything … | .444 | 6.20 | 1.343 | .444 | 5.86 | 1.357 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Others determine … | −.746 | 2.29 | 1.895 | −.618 | 2.07 | 1.497 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| … beyond my control | −.754 | 2.69 | 2.065 | −.645 | 2.68 | 1.816 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| … find a way to succeed | .298 | 6.24 | 1.216 | .412 | 6.02 | 1.211 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| … many things interfere | −.567 | 4.26 | 2.079 | −.530 | 3.79 | 1.928 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| I have little control … | −.819 | 2.70 | 2.023 | −.684 | 2.44 | 1.586 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| … no way I can solve … | −.835 | 2.13 | 1.781 | −.689 | 1.88 | 1.306 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| … being pushed around | −.671 | 2.73 | 2.064 | −.623 | 2.59 | 1.832 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| … depends on me | .263 | 6.27 | 1.295 | .369 | 6.04 | 1.351 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Emotional Support | ||||||||||||
| Family cares | .620 | 3.70 | .593 | .574 | 3.77 | .523 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Family understands | .736 | 3.14 | .886 | .685 | 3.19 | .783 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Can rely on family | .644 | 3.51 | .776 | .574 | 3.64 | .684 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Can open up to family | .733 | 3.22 | .949 | .667 | 3.27 | .843 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Family too demanding | −.500 | 2.20 | .856 | −.371 | 2.12 | .752 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Family criticizes | −.562 | 2.22 | .834 | −.498 | 2.07 | .733 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Family lets R down | −.668 | 2.10 | .853 | −.545 | 1.94 | .745 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Family gets on nerves | −.606 | 2.37 | .921 | −.521 | 2.25 | .756 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Friends care | .632 | 3.34 | .806 | .545 | 3.42 | .661 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Friends understand | .607 | 3.18 | .843 | .521 | 3.14 | .722 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Can rely on friends | .538 | 3.17 | .885 | .484 | 3.32 | .780 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Can open up to friends | .490 | 3.16 | .928 | .465 | 3.15 | .834 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Friends too demanding | −.470 | 1.96 | .829 | −.327 | 1.89 | .624 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Friends criticize | −.452 | 1.96 | .726 | −.349 | 1.83 | .593 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Friends let R down | −.565 | 2.06 | .806 | −.436 | 1.92 | .631 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Friends get on nerves | −.415 | 2.16 | .797 | .373 | 2.02 | .643 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Chronic Financial Stress | ||||||||||||
| Rating of $ situation | −.910 | 5.77 | 2.55 | −.858 | 6.32 | 2.06 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Control over $ situation | −.676 | 7.06 | 2.72 | −.621 | 6.76 | 2.37 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| $ to meet needs | −.605 | 1.59 | .606 | −.701 | 1.95 | .651 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Difficulty paying bills | .777 | 2.40 | .920 | .777 | 2.04 | .863 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Socioeconomic Status | ||||||||||||
| Education level | .518 | 6.33 | 2.50 | .471 | 7.15 | 2.47 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| HH income last year | .564 | 53 g | 53.1 g | .658 | 76 g | 61.5 g | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Chronic Ill-Health | ||||||||||||
| Self-rated physical health | −.478 | 3.90 | .966 | −.416 | 3.78 | .878 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Chronic health conditions | .328 | 2.50 | 2.55 | .703 | 2.31 | 2.35 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Activity limitations | .613 | 11.1 | 5.58 | .606 | 9.18 | 3.92 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Age | – | 46.5 | 11.95 | – | 47.5 | 12.46 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Gender (Female = 1) | – | .656 | .476 | – | .549 | .498 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
•
Minimum Fit Function Chi-square = 51,306/9058 df. RMSEA = .061.