Figure 2.

Incidence of outcomes by study

The incidence and 95% confidence intervals of selected adverse outcomes across the 21 participating studies, including: A, intensive care unit admission, B, ventilation, C, pregnancy-related death, D, preeclampsia, E, cesarean delivery, F, stillbirth, G, neonatal death, H, low birthweight, and I, preterm birth. Studies are grouped by World Bank income group levels: lower-middle–income countries are shown in red; upper-middle–income countries are shown in green; high-income countries are shown in blue. Two studies (shown in purple) are multicountry studies that contain countries from multiple income groups. The complete list of countries for each of these multicountry studies is presented in Table 1.

Smith. Individual patient data meta-analysis: risk factors among COVID-19 pregnancies. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2023.