Table 20.

The NCC results of 3D medical image segmentation using Otsu's method for all algorithms.

Image	K	Algorithms
		SOA [41]	HHOA [35]	FPA [18]	CS [19]	HS [15]	SCA [22]	BA [23]	COVID-HHOA
Medical1	6	0.9943	0.9947	0.9946	0.9947	0.9898	0.9964	0.9968	0.9950
	8	0.9964	0.9968	0.9967	0.9968	0.9944	0.9955	0.9962	0.9970
	10	0.9975	0.9978	0.9977	0.9977	0.9958	0.9967	0.9969	0.9982
	12	0.9980	0.9981	0.9980	0.9982	0.9972	0.9972	0.9978	0.9986
	14	0.9983	0.9986	0.9983	0.9981	0.9975	0.9977	0.9978	0.9990
Medical2	6	0.9955	0.9954	0.9955	0.9959	0.9933	0.9939	0.9952	0.9958
	8	0.9971	0.9973	0.9970	0.9972	0.9953	0.9962	0.9969	0.9975
	10	0.9978	0.9980	0.9979	0.9980	0.9966	0.9966	0.9972	0.9983
	12	0.9981	0.9985	0.9982	0.9984	0.9973	0.9972	0.9980	0.9987
	14	0.9983	0.9986	0.9985	0.9986	0.9980	0.9979	0.9981	0.9989
Medical3	6	0.9959	0.9965	0.9964	0.9965	0.9943	0.9955	0.9947	0.9968
	8	0.9975	0.9980	0.9979	0.9980	0.9967	0.9972	0.9972	0.9984
	10	0.9984	0.9986	0.9981	0.9986	0.9975	0.9978	0.9978	0.9990
	12	0.9986	0.9990	0.9989	0.9990	0.9981	0.9981	0.9980	0.9992
	14	0.9987	0.9992	0.9989	0.9991	0.9986	0.9987	0.9985	0.9994
Medical4	6	0.9971	0.9975	0.9974	0.9978	0.9970	0.9970	0.9975	0.9977
	8	0.9983	0.9987	0.9984	0.9985	0.9974	0.9978	0.9984	0.9986
	10	0.9988	0.9991	0.9990	0.9990	0.9980	0.9985	0.9991	0.9994
	12	0.9990	0.9993	0.9992	0.9993	0.9986	0.9989	0.9993	0.9996
	14	0.9992	0.9994	0.9993	0.9994	0.9988	0.9990	0.9994	0.9998
Medical5	6	0.9934	0.9941	0.9940	0.9940	0.9912	0.9931	0.9937	0.9944
	8	0.9954	0.9961	0.9950	0.9960	0.9941	0.9944	0.9948	0.9964
	10	0.9969	0.9972	0.9968	0.9973	0.9961	0.9959	0.9964	0.9978
	12	0.9970	0.9974	0.9971	0.9975	0.9970	0.9967	0.9968	0.9980
	14	0.9978	0.9982	0.9976	0.9981	0.9975	0.9968	0.9971	0.9984
Medical6	6	0.9926	0.9930	0.9930	0.9932	0.9899	0.9920	0.9924	0.9934
	8	0.9955	0.9959	0.9954	0.9955	0.9938	0.9945	0.9950	0.9959
	10	0.9963	0.9966	0.9961	0.9965	0.9943	0.9956	0.9960	0.9969
	12	0.9968	0.9970	0.9968	0.9970	0.9955	0.9961	0.9967	0.9974
	14	0.9970	0.9973	0.9972	0.9972	0.9961	0.9966	0.9972	0.9978
Average		0.9970	0.9973	0.9971	0.9973	0.9958	0.9964	0.9968	0.9977