Table 4.
PSNR results of Otsu's method for all algorithms.
| Image | K | Algorithms |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SOA [45] | HHOA [35] | FPA [18] | CS [19] | HS [15] | SCA [22] | BA [23] | COVID-HHOA | ||
| Medical1 | 6 | 28.0241 | 28.0015 | 27.8603 | 27.9327 | 25.9398 | 27.6060 | 27.4521 | 28.1034 |
| 8 | 29.5159 | 30.5702 | 29.8950 | 30.5846 | 29.4844 | 28.8106 | 30.0270 | 30.6115 | |
| 10 | 31.0962 | 32.0855 | 31.4062 | 31.1762 | 30.3947 | 29.7557 | 31.2010 | 32.3208 | |
| 12 | 32.2296 | 33.6432 | 31.1533 | 31.7412 | 31.2790 | 30.6256 | 33.1004 | 33.8829 | |
| 14 | 32.5824 | 34.6792 | 33.6707 | 33.0175 | 31.8011 | 32.6048 | 34.0983 | 35.1157 | |
| Medical2 | 6 | 23.8976 | 24.3012 | 23.9940 | 24.2262 | 22.7669 | 22.6919 | 22.7570 | 24.3882 |
| 8 | 26.4672 | 26.5729 | 26.0080 | 26.5961 | 25.0116 | 24.2180 | 26.1634 | 26.6181 | |
| 10 | 27.0786 | 27.9677 | 27.0960 | 27.4578 | 25.8210 | 25.6833 | 27.5117 | 28.1228 | |
| 12 | 28.8093 | 29.4139 | 28.9450 | 29.3669 | 28.4395 | 27.3844 | 28.9853 | 29.6817 | |
| 14 | 29.2411 | 30.7983 | 29.7738 | 29.3305 | 28.4481 | 28.4797 | 29.8231 | 30.9323 | |
| Medical3 | 6 | 24.0112 | 24.5539 | 24.5079 | 24.5771 | 23.6808 | 22.7121 | 23.8876 | 24.5965 |
| 8 | 25.9225 | 26.0874 | 25.5731 | 25.9562 | 24.9593 | 24.0463 | 25.5063 | 26.1987 | |
| 10 | 27.7211 | 28.0173 | 26.7435 | 27.8348 | 26.5461 | 26.1655 | 27.4362 | 28.1225 | |
| 12 | 28.4870 | 29.2997 | 29.4472 | 28.8344 | 27.0262 | 27.2857 | 27.4541 | 29.6674 | |
| 14 | 29.9596 | 30.7411 | 29.8566 | 30.1048 | 28.9854 | 29.0777 | 30.5004 | 31.1412 | |
| Medical4 | 6 | 26.2450 | 26.5800 | 25.7530 | 26.0731 | 24.7475 | 25.8652 | 25.6488 | 26.6784 |
| 8 | 26.5107 | 28.3621 | 27.5579 | 27.7016 | 26.5912 | 27.6891 | 28.0003 | 28.4004 | |
| 10 | 29.2529 | 30.3418 | 29.8796 | 28.3021 | 28.2514 | 28.7927 | 28.6717 | 30.3635 | |
| 12 | 30.1704 | 31.3994 | 30.3462 | 30.4476 | 28.8059 | 29.2508 | 29.5124 | 31.6963 | |
| 14 | 31.0825 | 32.3168 | 31.8551 | 31.5092 | 30.4896 | 29.6222 | 32.2716 | 32.8176 | |
| Medical5 | 6 | 24.7579 | 25.7082 | 25.6246 | 25.7676 | 23.1043 | 25.1616 | 24.7941 | 25.9592 |
| 8 | 27.7621 | 27.7409 | 27.9747 | 28.0629 | 27.3604 | 26.3591 | 27.0363 | 28.2565 | |
| 10 | 28.3140 | 29.4341 | 28.8750 | 29.4337 | 28.1992 | 28.5822 | 28.2220 | 29.7908 | |
| 12 | 29.3404 | 30.7092 | 29.7841 | 31.0181 | 29.8806 | 29.6569 | 29.5604 | 31.8339 | |
| 14 | 31.1842 | 32.3781 | 32.2351 | 32.6095 | 31.9152 | 31.9355 | 30.4210 | 33.0516 | |
| Medical6 | 6 | 24.4866 | 24.8421 | 24.5311 | 24.9414 | 24.3269 | 24.4083 | 23.3405 | 25.1480 |
| 8 | 25.9630 | 27.2037 | 25.9113 | 26.8320 | 24.4700 | 25.8269 | 26.4225 | 27.6991 | |
| 10 | 27.2134 | 28.9124 | 28.6518 | 29.0542 | 26.9230 | 27.7604 | 28.4883 | 29.7148 | |
| 12 | 29.0199 | 30.6417 | 29.9051 | 30.1581 | 29.1440 | 28.4976 | 29.7973 | 31.1191 | |
| 14 | 29.7714 | 31.6065 | 31.2646 | 31.3577 | 30.5977 | 30.6166 | 31.0194 | 32.1560 | |