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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Mar 16.
Published in final edited form as: Ear Hear. 2022 Mar 16;43(5):1447–1455. doi: 10.1097/AUD.0000000000001216

TABLE 4:

The Association between Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) Score and 3-year Audiometric Hearing Threshold Elevation in the Conservation of Hearing Study (CHEARS) Audiology Assessment Arm, 2012–2018

Dash score (quartile) Both Ear Worse Ear Better Ear Left Ear Right Ear
ORa 95% CI ORa 95% CI ORa 95% CI ORa 95% CI ORa 95% CI
 Low-frequency PTA
  Quartile 1 1.00 Reference 1.00 Reference 1.00 Reference 1.00 Reference 1.00 Reference
  Quartile 2 1.06 0.86,1.29 1.08 0.87,1.34 1.04 0.72,1.50 1.09 0.85,1.41 1.03 0.80,1.32
  Quartile 3 0.97 0.79,1.20 0.98 0.79,1.23 1.00 0.69,1.44 1.02 0.79,1.33 0.94 0.73,1.21
  Quartile 4 0.86 0.69,1.06 0.88 0.70,1.11 0.84 0.57,1.23 0.92 0.70,1.21 0.82 0.63,1.07
 Mid-frequency PTA
  Quartile 1 1.00 Reference 1.00 Reference 1.00 Reference 1.00 Reference 1.00 Reference
  Quartile 2 1.02 0.86,1.21 1.00 0.82,1.22 1.05 0.83,1.33 1.13 0.92,1.38 0.91 0.74,1.12
  Quartile 3 0.91 0.76,1.08 0.87 0.71,1.07 0.95 0.75,1.22 0.95 0.77,1.17 0.87 0.71,1.08
  Quartile 4 0.78 0.65,0.93 0.79 0.64,0.98 0.71 0.55,0.92 0.82 0.66,1.01 0.75 0.60,0.93
High-frequency PTA
  Quartile 1 1.00 Reference 1.00 Reference 1.00 Reference 1.00 Reference 1.00 Reference
  Quartile 2 0.99 0.84,1.16 0.99 0.80,1.22 1.02 0.82,1.27 1.05 0.86,1.28 0.94 0.77,1.15
  Quartile 3 0.91 0.77,1.07 0.85 0.69,1.05 0.99 0.80,1.24 0.86 0.70,1.05 0.98 0.80,1.20
  Quartile 4 0.88 0.74,1.04 0.86 0.69,1.07 0.91 0.72,1.15 0.79 0.64,0.97 1.01 0.82,1.24
a

Odds ratio based on multivariate logistic regression models adjusted for age (continuous), race (black/white/multi/other or unknown), body mass index(<25kg/m2/25–29/30–34/35–39/40+), smoking status (never/past/current), history of tinnitus (yes/no), cumulative average energy intake (continuous), noise exposure (very loud occupational or leisure-time noise exposure >=3 hours/week during any decade; yes/no), and the ear and frequency-level baseline pure tone average (PTA) measurements at low-frequency PTA (0.5,1,2 kHz), mid-frequency PTA (3,4 kHz) and high-frequency PTA (6,8 kHz) for both ears. Exposure-frequency interactions were also included in all the models.