A) Probenecid levels in the plasma were significantly elevated 5 hours after oral dosage in all participants. B) Principal component analysis (PCA) reveals separation between pre and post treatment with probenecid plasma metabolomes. C) Hundreds of metabolites were significantly altered (elevated and decreased) following treatment with probenecid. D) Among the significantly elevated metabolites, 21 subpathways with at least 5 metabolites were enriched, including subpathways traditionally associated with OAT-mediated transport (Primary Bile Acid Metabolism, Phenylalanine Metabolism, Tyrosine Metabolism, Tryptophan Metabolism, etc.).