Table 1.
GRAPHS Cohort Characteristics (N=567)
| Maternal Age, Median (IQR) – Years | 27.6 | (23.3, 33.8) |
| Asset index – Median (IQR) | −0.43 | (−1.3, 0.7) |
| Ethnicity – no. (%) | ||
| 1 | 84 | 14.8% |
| 2 | 85 | 15% |
| 3 | 371 | 65.3% |
| 4 | 27 | 5% |
| Number of antenatal visits – no. (%) | ||
| Missing | 3 | |
| Four or more | 412 | 72.8% |
| Prenatal CO, Median (IQR) – ppm | 0.95 | 0.58, 1.57 |
| Secondhand Smoke Exposure – no. (%)* | 111 | 19.6% |
| Preterm birth (GA<37 weeks) – no. (%) | 20 | 3.5% |
| Child sex, female – no. (%) | 289 | 50.9% |
| Birth weight, Median (IQR) – kilograms | 2.95 | 2.64, 3.20 |
| Missing – no. (%) | 14 | 2.4% |
| Birth length, Median (IQR) – centimeters | 46.8 | 44.3, 49.0 |
| Missing – no. (%) | 14 | 2.4% |
| Small-for-gestational age – no. (%) | 122 | 22% |
| Missing – no. (%) | 15 | 2.6% |
| Impulse Oscillometry (IOS) | ||
| Age at IOS, Median (IQR) – years | 4.05 | 3.87, 4.23 |
| Height at IOS, Median (IQR) – centimeters | 98 | 95.4, 101.2 |
| Weight at IOS, Median (IQR) – kilograms | 14.6 | 13.6, 16 |
| Height-for-age z-score, Median (IQR) | −1.11 | −1.71, −0.41 |
| Weight-for-age z-score, Median (IQR) | −0.75 | −1.33, −0.16 |
| Weight-for-height z-score, Median (IQR) | −0.23 | −0.78, 0.43 |
| Body mass index, Median (IQR) – kilogram/meter2 | 15.08 | 14.4, 16 |
| R5, Median (IQR) – cmH2O/L/s | 14.3 | 12.3, 16.4 |
| X5, Median (IQR) – cmH2O/L/s | −3.4 | −4.5, −1.9 |
| R20, Median (IQR) – cmH2O/L/s | 8.4 | 6.9, 9.6 |
| R5–20, Median (IQR) – % | 71.7 | 50.4, 100.3 |
| Fres, Median (IQR) – Hertz | 28.2 | 24.3, 32.9 |
| AX, Median (IQR) – cmH2O/L | 5.7 | 4.5, 7.2 |
*
Secondhand smoke exposure determined by questionnaire
IQR, interquartile range; CO, carbon monoxide; ppm, parts per million; GA, gestational age