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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Sep 1.
Published in final edited form as: Biochem Pharmacol. 2022 Jul 16;203:115181. doi: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115181

Figure 2. Human macrophages: 17-epi-NPD1/17-epi-PD1 enhances phagocytosis of bacteria.

Figure 2.

(A) Real-time phagocytosis of BacLight Green-labeled E. coli by human monocyte-derived macrophages (50 bacteria:1 macrophage ratio) in the presence of 10 pM 17-epi-NPD1/17-epi-PD1 or vehicle was monitored using fluorescence microscopy at 10-minute intervals for a total of 2 hours. Results are expressed as the mean brightness per macrophage. (B) Fluorescence microscopy of human macrophage phagocytosis in the presence or absence of 17-epi-NPD1/17-epi-PD1 (10 pM) following the addition of E. coli for 60 minutes. Representative images and the white arrow denote ingested bacteria and human macrophage. Scale bar represents 100 μm. These experiments were carried out in PBS+/+ (pH 6.8-7.4), and the temperature was held at 37 °C in a thermal incubator (see Materials and Methods). n=4 individual donors; 4-5 fields were quantified per condition; error bars represent SEM. *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01 obtained with a two-tailed, paired Student’s t-test for E. coli alone versus E. coli plus 17-epi-NPD1/17-epi-PD1.