Table 1.
Annotated, clinically relevant, and dose-dependent activities of pentadecanoylcarnitine among 4 primary human cell systems mimicking various disease states.
| BioMAP cell system | Disease relevance | Annotated biomarker | Log-transformed ratio of the biomarker readouts for the treated sample over vehicle controls | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.7 µM | 2.2 µM | 6.7 µM | |||
| SAg | Chronic inflammation, autoimmune disease | T cell proliferation | 0.03 | − 0.03 | − 0.17*+ |
| BE3C | Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lung inflammation | ITAC | − 0.13* | − 0.17*+ | − 0.54*+ |
| IL-1a | − 0.06* | − 0.06* | − 0.19*+ | ||
| MMP-1 | 0.05 | − 0.05* | − 0.27*+ | ||
| MMP-9 | 0.00 | − 0.08* | − 0.34*+ | ||
| PAI-1 | 0.01 | − 0.08* | − 0.24*+ | ||
| tPA | 0.01 | − 0.11* | − 0.43*+ | ||
| KF3CT | Dermatitis, psoriasis | IP-10 | − 0.14*+ | − 0.09* | − 0.10*+ |
| MyoF | Wound healing, matrix remodeling, fibrosis, chronic inflammation | alpha-SM actin | − 0.16*+ | − 0.18*+ | − 0.26*+ |
| Mphg | Chronic inflammation, cardiovascular disease | MCP-1 | − 0.05 | − 0.17*+ | − 0.25*+ |
*Outside of the 95% significance envelope from controls. +Effect size > 20% (|log10 ratio|> 0.1).
Biomarker activities are annotated when 2 or more consecutive concentrations change in the same direction relative to vehicle controls, are outside of the significance envelope, and have at least one concentration with an effect size > 20% (|log10 ratio|> 0.1).