Skip to main content
. 2022 Aug 24;132:102898. doi: 10.1016/j.jaut.2022.102898

Table 2.

Demographic, laboratory, clinical characteristics, treatment, and clinical outcomes of the systematic review of patients.

 New onset (n: 756) Relapsing (n: 172) P value
Demographic characteristics
Age (IQR) 48 (33–66) 46 (34–66) 0.7851
Days of onset of symptoms since vaccination (IQR) 8 (3–14) 7 (2–13.25) 0.0094
Gender 0.0081
Male 359/740 (48.5%) 63/170 (37.1%)
Female 381/740 (51.5%) 107/170 (62.9%)
Systemic lupus erythematosus 15 (2.0%) 11 (6.4%) 0.0038
Antiphospholipid syndrome 4 (0.5%) 0 (0.0%) 1.0000
Immune thrombocytopenia 221 (29.2%) 33 (19.2%) 0.0079
Disseminated intravascular coagulation 3 (0.4%) 0 (0.0%) 1.0000
Thrombotic microangiopathy 2 (0.3%) 0 (0.0%) 1.0000
Autoimmune acquired factor XIII/13 2 (0.3%) 0 (0.0%) 1.0000
Autoimmune hemolytic anemia 2 (0.3%) 0 (0.0%) 1.0000
Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis 5 (0.7%) 1 (0.6%) 1.0000
Encephalitis 6 (0.8%) 0 (0.0%) 0.5998
Guillain-Barré syndrome 73 (9.7%) 1 (0.6%) < 1e-04
Chronic ínflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy 2 (0.3%) 0 (0.0%) 1.0000
Multiple sclerosis 9 (1.2%) 1 (0.6%) 0.6984
Transverse myelitis 17 (2.2%) 0 (0.0%) 0.0541
Optic perineuritis 3 (0.4%) 0 (0.0%) 1.0000
Neuromyelitis_optica 5 (0.7%) 0 (0.0%) 0.5907
Inflammatory peripheral neuropathies 3 (0.4%) 0 (0.0%) 1.0000
Myasthenia Gravis 4 (0.5%) 2 (1.2%) 0.3086
Uveitis 16 (2.1%) 8 (4.7%) 0.0658
Graves' disease 42 (5.6%) 8 (4.7%) 0.8513
Hashimoto thyroiditis 42 (5.6%) 6 (3.5%) 0.3415
Type 1 diabetes mellitus 5 (0.7%) 0 (0.0%) 0.5907
Primary adrenal insufficiency 2 (0.3%) 0 (0.0%) 1.0000
Autoimmune hepatitis 24 (3.2%) 1 (0.6%) 0.0662
Pancreatitis 4 (0.5%) 0 (0.0%) 1.0000
Acute granulomatous nephritis 2 (0.3%) 0 (0.0%) 1.0000
Acute interstitial nephritis 2 (0.3%) 0 (0.0%) 1.0000
ANCA associated glomerulonephritis 5 (0.7%) 0 (0.0%) 0.5907
Anti-GBM nephritis 3 (0.4%) 1 (0.6%) 0.5602
Minimal change disease 24 (3.2%) 9 (5.2%) 0.1781
IgG4 related nephritis 1 (0.1%) 1 (0.6%) 0.3365
Membranous nephropathy 4 (0.5%) 1 (0.6%) 1.0000
Crescentic glomerulonephritis 2 (0.3%) 0 (0.0%) 1.0000
IgA nephropathy 22 (2.9%) 16 (9.3%) 0.0008
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis 1 (0.1%) 1 (0.6%) 0.3365
Glomerulonephritis phospholipase A2 receptor 1 (0.1%) 2 (1.2%) 0.0900
Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria 1 (0.1%) 1 (0.6%) 0.3365
Myocarditis 71 (9.4%) 1 (0.6%) < 1e-04
Pericarditis 7 (0.9%) 2 (1.2%) 0.6758
Sjogren′s syndrome 2 (0.3%) 0 (0.0%) 1.0000
Rheumatoid arthritis 3 (0.4%) 6 (3.5%) 0.0019
Arthritis 12 (1.6%) 2 (1.2%) 1.0000
Polymyalgia Rheumatica 13 (1.7%) 4 (2.3%) 0.5361
Myositis 5 (0.7%) 0 (0.0%) 0.5907
Gout 1 (0.1%) 1 (0.6%) 0.3365
Adult onset Still Disease 12 (1.6%) 5 (2.9%) 0.2218
Behcet disease 1 (0.1%) 5 (2.9%) 0.0011
ANCA vasculitis 3 (0.4%) 4 (2.3%) 0.0251
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis 1 (0.1%) 0 (0.0%) 1.0000
Raynaud phenomenon 1 (0.1%) 0 (0.0%) 1.0000
Giant cell arteritis 3 (0.4%) 0 (0.0%) 1.0000
Henoch-Schönlein purpura 10 (1.3%) 1 (0.6%) 0.6996
Leukocytoclastic vasculitis 16 (2.1%) 1 (0.6%) 0.3389
Urticarial vasculitis 3 (0.4%) 0 (0.0%) 1.0000
Microscopic polyangiitis 1 (0.1%) 3 (1.7%) 0.0217
Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis 2 (0.3%) 1 (0.6%) 0.4597
Polyarteritis nodosa 2 (0.3%) 0 (0.0%) 1.0000
Immune complex vasculitis 1 (0.1%) 1 (0.6%) 0.3365
Kawasaki Disease 2 (0.3%) 0 (0.0%) 1.0000
Temporal arteritis like disease 2 (0.3%) 0 (0.0%) 1.0000
Löfgren syndrome 3 (0.4%) 0 (0.0%) 1.0000
Erythema nodosum 3 (0.4%) 1 (0.6%) 0.5602
Neurosacroidosis 1 (0.1%) 1 (0.6%) 0.3365
Macrophage activation syndrome 1 (0.1%) 0 (0.0%) 1.0000
Hypereosinophilic syndrome 1 (0.1%) 1 (0.6%) 0.3365
Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis 7 (0.9%) 0 (0.0%) 0.3599
Fever of unknown origin 2 (0.3%) 0 (0.0%) 1.0000
Multisystem inflammatory syndrome 7 (0.9%) 0 (0.0%) 0.3599
Systemic sclerosis 2 (0.3%) 0 (0.0%) 1.0000
Vitiligo 3 (0.4%) 0 (0.0%) 1.0000
Dermatomyositis 5 (0.7%) 1 (0.6%) 1.0000
Psoriasis 3 (0.4%) 22 (12.8%) < 1e-04
Bullous pemphigoid 23 (3.0%) 4 (2.3%) 0.8029
Pemphigus vulgaris 7 (0.9%) 1 (0.6%) 1.0000
Pemphigus foliaceus 1 (0.1%) 0 (0.0%) 1.0000
Acute dyshidrotic eczema 2 (0.3%) 0 (0.0%) 1.0000
Stevens Johnson syndrome 2 (0.3%) 0 (0.0%) 1.0000
Linear IgA bullous dermatosis 2 (0.3%) 0 (0.0%) 1.0000
Chilblain like lesions 3 (0.4%) 0 (0.0%) 1.0000
Sweet syndrome 4 (0.5%) 0 (0.0%) 1.0000
Lichen planus 2 (0.3%) 0 (0.0%) 1.0000
Pigmented purpuric dermatosis 2 (0.3%) 0 (0.0%) 1.0000
Exanthematous pustulosis 2 (0.3%) 0 (0.0%) 1.0000
Sarcoidosis 2 (0.3%) 0 (0.0%) 1.0000
Laboratory characteristics
Elevated D Dimer 95 (15.5%) 1 (0.7%) < 1e-04
CSF albuminocytological dissociation 48 (7.8%) 1 (0.7%) 0.0003
Thrombocytopenia 225 (35.5%) 36 (23.2%) 0.0032
Proteinuria 53 (8.7%) 24 (16.1%) 0.0098
Haematuria 40 (6.5%) 20 (13.4%) 0.0098
Gadolinium enhancement of the myocardium pericardium 35 (5.7%) 0 (0.0%) 0.0007
Diffuse ST elevations 28 (4.6%) 1 (0.7%) 0.0285
Elevated troponin 69 (11.3%) 1 (0.7%) < 1e-04
Subepicardial enhancement 21 (3.4%) 0 (0.0%) 0.0212
Clinical characteristics
Arthralgia arthritis 32 (5.2%) 17 (11.3%) 0.0092
Headache 39 (6.4%) 3 (2.0%) 0.0432
Paraesthesia 33 (5.3%) 1 (0.7%) 0.0075
Weakness 70 (11.1%) 5 (3.3%) 0.0020
Pleurisy 6 (1.0%) 7 (4.6%) 0.0062
Treatment
Corticosteroids 400 (52.9%) 112 (65.1%) 0.0039
Anticoagulants/antiaggregants 77 (10.2%) 0 (0.0%) < 1e-04
IV immunoglobulins 160 (21.2%) 18 (10.5%) 0.0009
Transfusion of blood products: platelet 56 (7.4%) 5 (2.9%) 0.0389
NSAIDs 61 (8.1%) 6 (3.5%) 0.0341
Cyclosporine 3 (0.4%) 4 (2.3%) 0.0251
Diuretics/ACE inhibitor/calcium channel blocker/beta blocker/angiotensin II receptor antagonist 49 (6.5%) 3 (1.7%) 0.0153
Tacrolimus 2 (0.3%) 3 (1.7%) 0.0468
Ixekizumab 0 (0.0%) 2 (1.2%) 0.0342
Clinical outcomes
Good response 342 (45.7%) 81 (47.4%) 0.7339
Resistance 236 (31.5%) 57 (33.3%) 0.6500
Relapse 20 (2.7%) 1 (0.6%) 0.1515
Death 35 (4.7%) 0 (0.0%) 0.0013
IQR: Interquartile range, ANCA: Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody, CSF: cerebrospinal fluid, PF4: Platelet factor 4, NSAIDs: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, ACE: Angiotensin‐converting enzyme.