Table 4.

Crop rotation, tillage and crop establishment method, residue management and water management protocols under different scenarios.

Scenarios	Crop rotations	Tillage	Crop establishment method	Residue management	Water management
Sc1	Rice–wheat-fallow	CT-CT	Rice: Puddled transplanted rice with random geometry Wheat: Conventional till (CT) with broadcast seeding	All crop residues removed	Border irrigation
Sc2	Rice–wheat-fallow	CT-ZT	Rice: CT direct seeded rice (DSR) with row geometry Wheat: Zero tillage (ZT) wheat with row geometry	Full (100%) rice residue retained and anchored (25–30%) wheat residue incorporated	Same as Sc1
Sc3	Rice–wheat-mungbean	ZT-ZT-ZT under flats	All crops under ZT with row geometry	Full rice and mungbean, and anchored wheat residue retained	Same as Sc1
Sc4	Maize-mustard-mungbean	ZT-ZT-ZT under permanent beds (PBs)	Same as Sc3	Anchored residue of maize(60–70%) and mustard (30–40%), and full mungbean residue retained	Furrow irrigation
Sc5	Maize-wheat-mungbean	Same as Sc4	Same as Sc3	Anchored residue of maize, and wheat, and full mungbean residue retained	Same as Sc4
Sc6	Soybean-wheat-mungbean	Same as Sc4	Same as Sc3	Anchored residue of soybean (25–30%), wheat and full mungbean residue retained	Same as Sc4
Sc7	Pigeon pea-wheat-mungbean	Same as Sc4	Same as Sc3	Anchored residue of pigeon pea (20–25%), wheat and full mungbean residue retained	Same as Sc4

CT conventional tillage, ZT zero tillage, PBs permanent beds, DSR direct seeded rice.