. 2022 Aug 10;9:955928. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2022.955928

TABLE 2.

Comparison of characteristics between normal, obese, and smoking groups.

	Normal	Obese	Smoking
	(n = 81)	(n = 59)	(n = 80)
Age (years)	36 (32–42)^{a, b}	43 (36–49)^a	44 (34.5–51.5)^b
BMI (Kg/m²)	22 (20.1–23.2)^{a, b}	31.3 (30.4–33)^{a, c}	23.2 (20.9–24.65)^{b, c}
sBP (mmHg)	115.12 ± 12.04^{a, b}	131.61 ± 11.37^{a, c}	121.09 ± 14.03^{b, c}
dBP (mmHg)	70.41 ± 7.85^{a, b}	86.42 ± 10.44^{a, c}	77.5 ± 10.53^{b, c}
AST (IU/L)	18 (16–20)^{a, b}	28 (23–37)^{a, c}	20.5 (18–25)^{b, c}
ALT (IU/L)	17 (13–22)^{a, b}	41 (30–70)^{a, c}	19.5 (16–29)^{b, c}
γGTP (IU/L)	21 (16–31)^{a, b}	53 (33–91)^{a, c}	28.5 (19–64.5)^{b, c}
Cr (mg/dL)	0.88 (0.85–0.95)^b	0.86 (0.81–0.92)^c	0.81 (0.75–0.90)^{b, c}
UA (mg/dL)	5.76 ± 1.11^a	6.70 ± 1.10^{a, c}	5.91 ± 1.10^c
TCHO (mg/dL)	187.81 ± 26.76^{a, b}	209.59 ± 29.13^a	200.11 ± 32.10^b
TGL (mg/dL)	77 (54–112)^{a, b}	137 (102–177)^{a, c}	93.5 (69.5–132)^{b, c}
HDL (mg/dL)	56 (49–63)^a	48 (42–53)^{a, c}	56 (49–68)^c
LDL (mg/dL)	113.37 ± 24.46^a	136.42 ± 28.96^{a, c}	121.88 ± 30.94^c
Glu (mg/dL)	84.10 ± 6.06^a	96.37 ± 26.48^{a, c}	87.75 ± 11.48^c
HbA1c (%)	5.05 ± 0.23^a	5.62 ± 0.87^{a, c}	5.23 ± 0.41^c
FGF21 (pg/ml)	126 (76.7–187)^{a, b}	165 (119–269)^a	159.5 (104–250.5)^b

Data are expressed as the mean ± SD or median (interquartile range). The ANOVA followed by Tukey–Kramer pairwise comparison or the Kruskal–Wallis equality-of-populations rank test followed by Dunn’s pairwise comparison was used to test between-group differences.

^ap < 0.05 (normal vs. obese).

^bp < 0.05 (normal vs. smoking).

^cp < 0.05 (obese vs. smoking).

BMI, body mass index; sBP, systolic blood pressure; dBP, diastolic blood pressure; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; γ-GTP, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase; Cr, creatinine; UA, uric acid; TCHO, total cholesterol; TGL, triglycerides; HDL, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; Glu, glucose; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; FGF21, fibroblast growth factor 21.