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. 2022 Aug 10;9:941422. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2022.941422

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Copyright © 2022 Yokoyama, Ichiki, Yamakawa, Tsuji, Kuronuma, Takahashi, Narimatsu and Nakase.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Microbiome analysis of fecal contents from COVID-19 patients. (A) The enriched gut microbiota constituents were identified by linear discriminant analysis (LDA) effect size (LEfSe). The histogram shows taxa with LDA scores with (log 10) values > 3 and P < 0.05. g_ means genus, f_ means family, and o_ means order. (B) The α-diversity represented by the Simpson index. The vertical axis shows the Simpson index. Box-and-whisker plots show the median, 25th and 75th percentiles, with whiskers extending to the minimum and maximum values. Data were analyzed using Mann–Whitney U test. Statistical significance was accepted as P < 0.05.