TABLE 2.

Andrographis paniculata (AP) use and clinical outcomes in mild COVID-19 patients.

Outcomes	Events (%)		Effect size (95% CI)*, P-value (n = 605)
	AP (n = 351)	Standard of care (n = 254)	Unadjusted model	Age-adjusted model	Fully adjusted model†
Primary outcome: pneumonia
Odds ratio	37 (10.5)	22 (8.7)	1.24 (0.71, 2.16), 0.44	1.42 (0.80, 2.54), 0.23	1.42 (0.79, 2.55), 0.24
Hazard ratio‡	13.93§ (10.09, 19.23)	12.47§ (8.21, 18.94)	1.11 (0.66, 1.89)‡, 0.69	1.26 (0.74, 2.15)‡, 0.39	1.26 (0.74, 2.17)‡, 0.40
Secondary outcome: worsening symptoms ¶
Odds ratio	59 (16.8)	39 (15.4)	1.11 (0.72, 1.73), 0.63	1.23 (0.78, 1.94), 0.38	1.22 (0.77, 1.94), 0.39

*Effect size of outcome in the AP group, compared to the standard of care group. ^†Adjusting for age, diabetes, hypertension, receiving statins, and receiving ACEIs/ARBs. ^§ Incidence rate of pneumonia per 1,000 person-days (95% confidence interval). ^‡Analysis using a Cox’s proportional hazards model in which the fully adjusted model was additionally stratified by diabetes. ^¶ Worsening symptoms were the composite of receiving antiviral drugs, systemic corticosteroids, or ventilator support; having oxygen saturation drop along with worsening signs and symptoms; or presenting regressive chest X-ray findings (i.e., category three or above). AP, Andrographis paniculata; CI, confidence interval.