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. 2022 Aug 10;13:968288. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2022.968288

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Copyright © 2022 Nordström, Forsse, Jakobsen, Mölström, Nielsen, Toft and Ungerstedt.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Schematic illustration of the simultaneous changes in cerebral blood flow (CBF), brain tissue oxygen tension (PbtO₂) and the intracerebral levels of lactate (La), pyruvate (Py) and lactate/pyruvate ratio (LPR) in cerebral ischemia (A), mitochondrial dysfunction (B), arousal (C) and epileptic seizures (D).