Table 1. Demographics and clinical characteristics of the study cohort, resection and biopsy cohort.
| Characteristics | Study cohort (n=103) | Resection cohort (n=91) | Biopsy cohort(n=12) |
|---|---|---|---|
| No. (%) | No. (%) | No. (%) | |
| Gender | |||
| Male | 50 (48.5) | 42 (46.2) | 8 (66.7) |
| Female | 53 (51.5) | 49 (53.8) | 4 (33.3) |
| Age, years, median | 51 | 50.5 | 49.5 |
| Tumor size, mm | |||
| Mean (SD) | 48.7 (3.0) | 47.7 (3.0) | 56.8 (3.4) |
| Median (range) | 40.0 (8.0-160.0) | 40.0 (8.0-160.0) | 47.0 (20.0-120.0) |
| Location | |||
| Head | 28 (27.2) | 22 (24.2) | 6 (50.0) |
| Neck | 6 (5.8) | 5 (5.5) | 1 (8.3) |
| Body | 15 (14.6) | 14 (15.4) | 1 (8.3) |
| Tail | 25 (24.3) | 23 (25.3) | 2 (16.7) |
| Body-Tail | 29 (28.2) | 27 (29.7) | 2 (16.7) |
| Functional | |||
| Yes | 4 (3.9) | 4 (4.4) | 0 (0.0) |
| No | 99 (96.1) | 87 (95.6) | 12 (100.0) |
| Lymph node positive | n=88 | n=88 | NA |
| Yes | 48 (54.5) | 48 (54.5) | |
| No | 40 (45.5) | 40 (45.5) | |
| Perineural invasion | n=84 | n=84 | NA |
| Yes | 41 (48.8) | 41 (48.8) | |
| No | 43 (51.2) | 43 (51.2) | |
| Microvascular invasion | n=84 | n=84 | NA |
| Yes | 57 (67.9) | 57 (67.9) | |
| No | 27 (32.1) | 27 (32.1) | |
| CgAa | n=102 | n=90 | n=12 |
| Positive | 97 (95.1) | 86 (95.6) | 11 (91.7) |
| Negative | 5 (4.9) | 4 (4.4) | 1 (8.3) |
| Syna | n=101 | n=89 | n=12 |
| Positive | 100 (99.0) | 88 (98.9) | 12 (100.0) |
| Negative | 1 (1.0) | 1 (1.1) | 0 (0.0) |
| DAXXa | n=38 | n=38 | NA |
| Positive | 34 (89.5) | 34 (89.5) | |
| Negative | 4 (10.5) | 4 (10.5) | |
| ATRXa | n=36 | n=36 | NA |
| Positive | 32 (88.9) | 32 (88.9) | |
| Negative | 4 (11.1) | 4 (11.1) | |
| SSTRa | n=57 | n=55 | n=2 |
| Positive | 53 (93.0) | 51 (92.7) | 2 (100.0) |
| SSTR2 | 38 (66.7) | 36 (65.4) | 2 (100.0) |
| SSTR2+SSTR5 | 15 (26.3) | 15 (27.3) | 0 (0.0) |
| Negative | 4 (7.0) | 4 (7.3) | 0 (0.0) |
| NSE classification | n=84 | n=76 | n=8 |
| High | 26 (31.0) | 22 (28.9) | 4 (50.0) |
| Low | 58 (69.0) | 54 (71.1) | 4 (50.0) |
| PROGRP classification | n=46 | n=43 | n=3 |
| High | 8 (17.4) | 7 (16.3) | 1 (33.3) |
| Low | 38 (82.6) | 36 (83.7) | 2 (66.7) |
| Metastases | |||
| Site | |||
| Liver | 92 (89.3) | 81 (89.0) | 11 (91.7) |
| Nodal/mesenteric | 9 (8.7) | 9 (9.9) | 0 (0.0) |
| Peritoneum/others | 2 (1.9) | 1 (1.1) | 1 (8.3) |
| Type | |||
| Synchronous | 86 (83.5) | 74 (81.3) | 12 (100.0) |
| Metachronous | 17 (16.5) | 17 (18.7) | 0 (0.0) |
| AJCC 8th TNM stage | |||
| I | 1 (1.0) | 1 (1.1) | 0 (0.0) |
| II | 12 (11.7) | 12 (13.2) | 0 (0.0) |
| III | 10 (9.7) | 10 (11.0) | 0 (0.0) |
| IV | 80 (77.7) | 68 (74.7) | 12 (100.0) |
| WHO classificationb | |||
| G1 | 10 (9.7) | 9 (9.9) | 1 (8.3) |
| G2 | 76 (73.8) | 68 (74.7) | 8 (66.7) |
| G3 | 17 (16.5) | 14 (15.4) | 3 (25.0) |
| Operating methods | |||
| Pancreatoduodenectomy Distal Pancreatectomy Total pancreatectomy Total pancreatectomy with LM resection Middle pancreatectomy with LM resection Pancreatoduodenectomy with LM resection Distal Pancreatectomy with LM resection Laparotomy with biopsy. Needle biopsy |
6 (5.8) 15 (14.6) 2 (1.9) 2 (1.9) 1 (1.0) 14 (13.6) 51 (49.5) 3 (2.9) 9 (8.7) |
6 (6.6) 15 (16.5) 2 (2.2) 2 (2.2) 1 (1.1) 14 (15.4) 51 (56.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) |
0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 3 (25.0) 9 (75.0) |
| Treatment | |||
| Neoadjuvant treatment SSAs with or without targeted therapy CAPTEM with or without targeted therapy SSAs+CAPTEM with or without targeted therapy Locoregional treatment Other chemotherapy Targeted therapy Others |
n=33 9 (27.3) 11 (33.3) 7 (21.2) 1 (3.0) 3 (9.1) 1 (2.0) 1 (3.0) |
n=33 9 (27.3) 11 (33.3) 7 (21.2) 1 (3.0) 3 (9.1) 1 (3.0) 1 (2.0) |
NA |
| Adjuvant treatment SSAs with or without targeted therapy CAPTEM with or without targeted therapy SSAs+CAPTEM with or without targeted therapy Locoregional treatment Other chemotherapy Targeted therapy Others |
n=78 35 (44.9) 6 (7.7) 6 (7.7) 12 (15.4) 4 (5.1) 15 (19.2) 0 (0.0) |
n=78 35 (44.9) 6 (7.7) 6 (7.7) 12 (15.4) 4 (5.1) 15 (19.2) 0 (0.0) |
NA |
| Treatment for patients with biopsy SSAs with or without targeted therapy CAPTEM with or without targeted therapy SSAs+CAPTEM with or without targeted therapy Locoregional treatment Other chemotherapy Targeted therapy Others |
n=12 4 (33.3) 2 (16.7) 3 (25.0) 1 (8.3) 0 (0.0) 2 (16.7) 0 (0.0) |
NA | n=12 4 (33.3) 2 (16.7) 3 (25.0) 1 (8.3) 0 (0.0) 2 (16.7) 0 (0.0) |
CgA, chromogranin; Syn, synaptophysin; DAXX, death domain associated protein; ATRX, alpha-thalassemia/mental retardation X-linked; SSTR, somatostatin receptor; NSE, neuron specific enolase; PROGRP, progastrin releasing peptide; AJCC, American Joint Committee on Cancer; WHO, World Health Organization; a The expression in primary tumors; b Grade at first diagnosis; LM, liver metastases; SSAs, somatostatin analogs; CAPTEM, capecitabine and temozolomide; NA, not available.