Table 1.

Characteristics of the studies and populations (N=18).

Study	Year	Country	Publication type	RCTa type	Sample size	Age, mean	Sex (male; %)	Health condition	Setting
Valdes et al [46]	2012	United States	Journal article	Parallel	195	77.7	33.3	MCIb	Clinical
Zhuang et al [47]	2013	China	Journal article	Parallel	33	83.1	24.2	MCI; dementia	Clinical
Hagovská et al [48]	2016	Slovakia	Journal article	Parallel	80	67	51.2	MCI	Clinical
Singh et al [49]	2014	Australia	Journal article	Factorial	100	70.1	32	MCI	Community
Gooding et al [50]	2016	United States	Journal article	Parallel	96	75.6	58.1	MCI	Clinical
Liao et al [51]	2021	Taiwan	Journal article	Parallel	61	81.5	32.6	MCI	Community
Finn and McDonald [52]	2015	Australia	Journal article	Parallel	31	75.6	71	MCI	Clinical
Park and Park [53]	2017	South Korea	Journal article	Parallel	78	67.3	53.8	MCI	Community
Cavallo et al [54]	2016	Italy	Journal article	Parallel	80	76.4	36.3	ADc	Clinical
Leung et al [55]	2015	Hong Kong	Journal article	Parallel	209	70.1	21.5	MCI	Community
Yang and Kwak [56]	2017	South Korea	Journal article	Parallel	20	71	70	AD	Clinical
Tarnanas et al [57]	2014	Greece	Book chapter	Parallel	114	70.3	39	MCI	Clinical
Flak et al [58]	2019	Norway	Journal article	Parallel	85	66	66.7	MCI	Clinical
Herrera et al [59]	2012	France	Journal article	Parallel	22	76.6	50	MCI	Clinical
Savulich et al [60]	2017	United Kingdom	Journal article	Parallel	42	76.1	59.5	MCI	Clinical
Boller et al [61]	2012	France	Journal article	Parallel	36	81.2	36.1	AD	Clinical
Karssemeijer et al [62]	2019	Netherlands	Journal article	Parallel	115	79.9	53.9	Dementia	Clinical, community
Hyer et al [63]	2015	United States	Journal article	Parallel	68	75.2	47.1	MCI	Community

^aRCT: randomized controlled trial.

^bMCI: mild cognitive impairment.

^cAD: Alzheimer disease.