Table 2.

Group 2: non–randomized controlled trials—case series, open trial, and quasi-experimental (N=3).

Intervention type, format, and duration	Study aims (sample size)	Engagement measures: connect	Engagement measures: attend	Engagement measures: participate	Engagement measures: enact
Positive psychology web-based intervention; 5-week web-based self-applied positive psychology intervention specifically adapted for pregnant women; 4 modules [32]	Examine the effect of a positive psychology web-based intervention on indices of participants’ prenatal well-being (6 participants); case series design	Eligibility and recruitment method Preassessment on the web	Weekly emails—reminders for assessments	Compliance with the intervention measure was developed by the research team No reported attrition	Exercise preferences were assessed at the posttest time point
Internet program plus weekly phone coaching sessions, individually or group-wise; MMBa program; 8 weeks [33]	Examine the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary outcomes of MMB for use with pregnant women at risk for depressive relapse (37 participants); open trial—no control group	Assessed for eligibility (n=48) Reasons for exclusion Recruitment methods—flyers and via service providers Prescreening by phone Intake interview in person or by phone Participant enrollment and flow (eg, reasons for declining to participate)	Participant CONSORTb flow diagram (eligibility, enrollment, follow-up, and analysis)	Session completion and participation in phone coaching calls Home practice completion Participant engagement (eg, completion of sessions, practice per week, and time)	Self-reported satisfaction (perceived benefits and challenges) via questionnaire and engagement interview (qualitative) at session completion
Web-based modules: web-based maternity health records, antenatal health education, self-management journals, and infant birth records [34]	Investigate the effectiveness of a web-based antenatal care and education system on pregnancy-related stress, general self-efficacy, and satisfaction with antenatal care (135 participants) quasi-experimental design	Eligibility—control (n=75) and experimental (n=80) group at pretest Recruitment methods (convenience sampling) Assignment methods to experimental or control groups	Participant CONSORT flow diagram (enrollment, follow-up, and analysis) Attrition	Assistance was offered via telephone, email, web conferencing, or face-to-face guidance Follow-up phone calls were made to the participants Attrition	N/Ac

^aMMB: Mindful Mood Balance.

^bCONSORT: Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials.

^cN/A: not applicable.