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The upregulation of Cdc42 in podocytes increased the Cdc42 expression and the p-p38/p38 ratio in β-TC6 cells, which were accompanied by an increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and a decrease in SOD activity. (A–C) The protein expression levels of Cdc42, p-38, and p-p38 in β-TC6 cells were detected. (D–G) The levels of MDA and SOD in MPC5 cells and β-TC6 cells were measured. Data are presented as mean ± SEM; *P < 0.05.
