Table 1.
Characteristics of the included studies.
| Study | Study design | Country/ Region | No. of cases | Diagnosis | Operative level | Age (years) | Sex (M/F) | Follow-up (months) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Canseco 2021 (18) | Retrospective | USA | Expandable (103) | Spondylolisthesis (40); Stenosis (57); Disc herniation (5); Deformity (1) | L1-2 (3); L2-3 (8); L3-4 (12); L4-5 (59); L5-S1 (21) | 63.9 ± 9.08 | 49/54 | 12 |
| Static (137) | Spondylolisthesis (80); Stenosis (33); Disc herniation (17); Deformity (7) | L2-3 (1); L3-4 (11); L4-5 (97); L5-S1 (28) | 61.6 ± 11.4 | 61/76 | ||||
| Chang 2021 (8) | Retrospective | Taiwan | Expandable (62) Static (148) | Isthmic spondylolisthesis (6); Recurrent stenosis (1); Degenerative spondylolisthesis w/ stenosis (46); Severe spondylosis w/ intractable low-back pain or leg pain (9) | L2-3 (1); L3-4 (8); L4-5 (41); L5-S1 (5) | 62.8 ± 14.1 | 31/31 | 27.6 ± 14.1 |
| Isthmic spondylolisthesis (14); Recurrent stenosis (16); Degenerative spondylolisthesis w/ stenosis (29); Severe spondylosis w/ intractable low-back pain or leg pain (89) | L2-3 (2); L3-4 (20); L4-5 (93); L5-S1 (33) | 60.3 ± 11.5 | 51/97 | 42.9 ± 29.4 | ||||
| Gelfand 2020 (9) | Retrospective | USA | Expandable (67) | Spondylolisthesis | NR | 61.9 | 30/37 | NR |
| Static (47) | 54.9 | 19/28 | ||||||
| Hawasli 2017 (19) | Retrospective | USA | Expandable (28) | DDD and lumbar spondylosis with radiculopathy with or without Grade I to II spondylolisthesis and the absence of previous surgical instrumentation |
L2-3 (4); L3-4 (4); L4-5 (20); L5-S1 (1) | 63.9 ± 9.9 | 15/13 | 7.1 ± 4.2 |
| Static (16) | L3-4 (3); L4-5 (14); L5-S1 (2) | 57.7 ± 8.9 | 10/6 | 14.6 ± 7.1 | ||||
| Khechen 2020 (10) | Retrospective | USA | Expandable (30) | Single-level degenerative pathology | L3-4 (2); L4-5 (19); L5-S1 (9) | 52.2 ± 12.1 | 23/7 | 6 |
| Static (30) | L4-5 (19); L5-S1 (11) | 53.5 ± 11.7 | 19/11 | |||||
| Kremer 2019 (12) | Retrospective | USA | Expandable (51) | Degenerative spondylolisthesis w/o HNP (25); Stenosis w/o HNP (11); DDD w/o radiculopathy (14); Adult degenerative scoliosis with stenosis (1) | NR | 62.8 ± 13.5 | NR | 43.0 ± 4.2 |
| Static (48) | Degenerative spondylolisthesis w/o HNP (13); Stenosis w/o HNP (21); DDD w/o radiculopathy (12); Radiculopathy (2) | 58.3 ± 13.7 | 67.1 ± 16.3 | |||||
| Russo 2021 (20) | Retrospective | USA | Expandable (27) | DDD at one level from L2 to S1 with or without Grade 1 spondylolisthesis |
L3-4 (3); L4-5 (10); L5-S1 (14) | 55.7 ± 9.5 | 15/12 | 9.1 |
| Static (21) | L4-5 (10); L5-S1(10); L6-S1 (1) | 52.1 ± 11.9 | 9/12 | 16.0 | ||||
| Vaishnav 2020 (14) | Retrospective | USA | Expandable (60) | Degenerative conditions of the spine | Single-level | 64 | 26/34 | NR |
| Static (111) | 58 | 62/49 | ||||||
| Woodward 2022 (7) | Retrospective | USA | Expandable (60) | Grade I spondylolisthesis and/or DDD | NR | 63.5 | 29/31 | 12 |
| Static (60) | 59.3 ± 9.86 | 19/41 | ||||||
| Yee 2017 (21) | Retrospective | USA | Expandable (41) | Recurrent HNP (7); Stenosis) (9); Scoliosis (3); Spondylolisthesis (22) | L3-4 (4); L4-5 (15); L5-S1 (22) | 54.5 ± 13.8 | 21/20 | 12 |
| Static (48) | Recurrent HNP (5); Stenosis) (3); Scoliosis (2); Spondylolisthesis (38) | L3-4 (1); L4-5 (29); L5-S1 (18) | 58.3 ± 13.4 | 20/28 |
HNP, herniated nucleus pulposus; DDD, degenerative disc disease; NR, not reported; w/o, with or without.