Table 1.
Characteristics of study participants and comparison between groups
| Variable | Eutrophic (n = 25) | Overweight/Obese (n = 24) | φ/φc/r | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex, n (%) | 0.06 | .776 a | ||
| Male | 13.00 (52.00) | 14.00 (58.3) | ||
| Female | 12.00 (48.00) | 10.00 (41.7) | ||
| Age in years, median (min-max) | 5.00 (3.00–5.00) | 5.00 (3.00–5.00) | 0.09 | .534 b |
| Socioeconomic status, n (%) | 0.25 | .576 a | ||
| B | 4.00 (16.00) | 9.00 (37.50) | ||
| C | 18.00 (72.00) | 13.00 (54.10) | ||
| D-E | 3.00 (12.00) | 2.00 (8.30) | ||
| Maternal education, n (%) | 0.28 | .255 a | ||
| Elementary 1 | – | 2.00 (8.30) | ||
| Elementary 2 | 3.00 (12.0) | 3.00 (12.50) | ||
| High School | 18.00 (72.0) | 12.00 (50.00) | ||
| Graduated | 4.00 (16.0) | 7.00 (29.20) | ||
| ECERS in score, median (min-max) | 2.65 (1.90–2.90) | 2.71 (1.90–2.92) | 0.03 | .809 b |
| EC_HOME in score, median (min-max) | 37.00 (30.00–47.00) | 41.00 (30.00–50.00) | 0.25 | .077 b |
| BMI in kg/m2, median (min-max) | 15.40 (14.10–17.00) | 21.60 (19.00–30.10) | 0.86 | .000 b * |
| TGMD-2 in score, median (min-max) | ||||
| Locomotor | 9.00 (5.00–12.00) | 7.00 (4.00–14.00) | 0.39 | .007 b * |
| OC | 8.00 (4.00–15.00) | 8.00 (6.00–12.00) | 0.04 | .800 b |
| GMQ | 94.00 (76.00–118.00) | 85.00 (73.00–103.00) | 0.25 | .085 b |
| SVF in score, median (min-max) | ||||
| Word production | 41.00 (24.00–65.00) | 40.5 (26.00–57.00) | 0.02 | .904 b |
| Number of errors | 1.00 (0.00–4.00) | 0.00 (0.00–4.00) | 0.14 | .321 b |
| TH, median (min-max) | ||||
| Number of movements | 13.00 (6.00–15.00) | 13.00 (5.00–15.00) | 0.07 | .641 b |
| Rule breaks | 5.00 (2.00–8.00) | 5.00 (1.00–8.00) | 0.09 | .528 b |
| Delayed Gratification, median (min-max) | 15.00 (2.00–15.00) | 15.00 (1.00–15.00) | 0.09 | .524 b |
| Day/Night Stroop, median (min-max) | 16.00 (3.00–16.00) | 14.00 (8.00–16.00) | 0.15 | .296 b |
n: absolute value; %: percentage; Socioeconomic status: high income - A and B, average income - C; low income - D and E; Elementary 1: up to the fifth school year; Elementary 2: up to the ninth school year; High School: three years of intermediate/high school; Graduated: university education; ECERS Environment rating scales in early childhood education, EC_HOME Early Childhood Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment, BMI Body Mass Index, TGMD-2 Gross Motor Development Test 2, Locomotor Standard Score Locomotor, OC Standard Score Object Control, GMQ Gross Motor Quotient, SVF Semantic Verbal Fluency, TH Tower of Hanoi
aPearson Chi-Square
bMann Whitney
* Significant difference (p < .05)