Table 3.
The prevalence of psychological distress using random effect model by subgroup analyses
| Subgroup | Category | Number of studies | Events/N | Pooled prevalence (95% CI) | Heterogeneity | χ2 (P value) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||||||
| I2 | t | ||||||
| Screening instrument | DASS-21 | 8 | 761/7165 | 15.0% (09.8% - 20.1%) | 98.56 | 0.005 | 1182. 2 |
| Others | 13 | 3877/9025 | 43.0% (31.2% - 57.6%) | 99.48 | 0.054 | <.0001 | |
| Risk of bias (score 0-9) | Low risk (7-9) | 04 | 1002/3070 | 19.1% (14.4%-23.8%) | 98.65 | 0.014 | |
| Moderate Risk (4-6) | 15 | 3824/12570 | 32.3% (21.4%-43.1%) | 99.69 | 0.045 | 29.65 | |
| High risk (0-3) | 02 | 96/521 | 19.2% (18.0%-36.6%) | 96.22 | 0.015 | <.0001 | |
DASS 21: Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21, CI: Confidence interval