Exhibit 3:

Estimated Differences in Utilization and Cost Per Person Per Year in Overlap Weighted Analyses

	Difference in Cost/Use	Lower 95% CL	Upper 95% CL	P
COST
Total Cost, $ per year	5941	−540	12421	0.07
Inpatient Cost, $ per year	1286	−2962	5534	0.55
Emergency Department Cost, $ per year	47	−323	418	0.80
Outpatient Cost, $ per year	4420	722	8119	0.02
UTILIZATION
Inpatient Admissions, per year	0.1	−0.2	0.4	0.71
Emergency Department Visits, per year	0.3	−0.3	0.9	0.29
Outpatient Visits, per year	9.2	0.2	18.2	0.04

Source: Author’s analysis of healthcare system data

Notes Positive numbers indicate higher spending and higher utilization in the transportation group.

Differences come from marginal predictions using the fitted regression models described in the text (gamma regression models with log link for cost outcomes and negative binomial regression models with log link for count outcomes). Confidence intervals and p-values produced using delta method standard errors