Adsorption isotherm parameters for sorption of phenanthrene onto various functionalised GQDs nano-adsorbents.

Sorption models		Adsorption parameters
		C16-GQDs	C16-NGQDs	C16-SNGQDs
Freundlich	K F	1.77	2.63	8.66
	N	2.85	0.79	0.79
	SSE	0.66	0.72	0.55
	R 2	0.9000	0.9137	0.9057
Langmuir	q max (mg g−1)	0.41	21.93	58.14
	K L (L mg−1)	1 × 10−3	5 × 10−3	10 × 10−2
	SSE	0.87	0.78	0.64
	R 2	0.6247	0.6474	0.7714
Linear	K d	2.19	2.66	10.12
	SSE	0.87	0.78	0.65
	R 2	0.8993	0.7027	0.9066
Sips	K s	0.43	0.003	0.006
	q m (mg g−1)	103.0	874.4	1377.1
	m s	8.00	2.50	0.77
	SSE	0.59	0.72	0.55
	R 2	0.9248	0.9922	0.9679