Table 1.
CO conversion (XCO) and product selectivities (molar carbon base) for slurry‐phase tandem catalysis syngas conversion experiments with different combinations of cobalt solid Fischer–Tropsch synthesis and molecular reductive hydroformylation catalysts, as well as component exclusion reference experiments. Reaction conditions: T=473 K, P=120 bar (initial, measured at RT), stirring rate=700 rpm, syngas feed H2 : CO=2.0, 2‐methyl pentane as solvent. For tests integrating both FTS and RHF catalysts, catalyst ratio n(CoFTS)/n(CoRHF)=170/18 (entry 1.1) or 170/70 (entry 1.4, 1.6–1.9), reaction time t=24 h. For tests where both components forming the RHF catalyst were present the ligand‐to‐metal (L : M) ratio, i.e. P/Co=1 : 1 (at/at). Ligand abbreviations: [1] PCy3: tricyclohexyl phosphine. [2] PPh3: triphenyl phosphine. [3] P(n‐Bu)3: tri‐n‐butyl phosphine.
|
Entry |
Catalyst |
XCO |
S(CO2) |
S(CH4) |
S C5+ |
αHC [a] |
S olef. |
S ROH |
S C5+ ROH |
ROH[b] |
αROH [c] |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
FTS |
RHF |
[%] |
[C%] |
[C%] |
[C%] |
[C%] |
[C%] |
[C%] |
[C%] |
n : iso |
[−] |
|
1.1 |
NaPr‐CoRu/AOmM |
Co2CO8 + PCy3 [1] |
35.1 |
1.8 |
10.3 |
66.9 |
0.71 |
0.1 |
37.0 |
25.4 |
4.2 |
0.58 |
|
1.2 |
NaPr‐CoRu/AOmM |
– |
36.1 |
1.5 |
6.3 |
64.9 |
0.66 |
0.2 |
25.5 |
12.6 |
2.2 |
0.54 |
|
1.3 |
NaPr‐CoRu/AOmM |
PCy3 |
21.8 |
1.1 |
9.5 |
55.4 |
0.63 |
0.1 |
33.6 |
15.8 |
6.4 |
0.44 |
|
1.4 |
NaPr‐CoRu/AOmM |
Co2CO8 |
41.8 |
1.6 |
9.4 |
50.6 |
0.64 |
0.8 |
19.5 |
9.2 |
2.1 |
0.54 |
|
1.5 |
– |
Co2CO8+PCy3 |
0.2 |
>60 |
>20 |
<0.1 |
n.a. |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
n.a. |
n.a. |
|
1.6 |
NaPr‐CoRu/AOmM |
Co2CO8+PPh3 [2] |
28.8 |
2.3 |
8.6 |
55.3 |
0.70 |
<0.1 |
47.7 |
25.4 |
3.1 |
0.57 |
|
1.7 |
NaPr‐CoRu/AOmM |
Co2CO8+(P(n‐Bu)3) [3] |
26.8 |
4.9 |
8.9 |
53.8 |
0.69 |
<0.1 |
53.9 |
30.5 |
4.6 |
0.53 |
|
1.8 |
NaPr‐CoRu/AOmM |
Co2CO8+PCy3 |
34.0 |
2.2 |
6.9 |
59.1 |
0.71 |
<0.1 |
53.7 |
22.7 |
5.8 |
0.61 |
|
1.9 |
CoRu/AOm |
Co2CO8+PCy3 |
24.5 |
1.1 |
9.4 |
74.5 |
0.84 |
<0.1 |
32.7 |
23.3 |
4.4 |
0.66 |
[a] Hydrocarbon chain‐growth probability. [b] Alcohol linear‐to‐branched molar ratio. [c] Alcohol chain‐growth probability.