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. 2022 Jul 28;10(3):e32297. doi: 10.2196/32297

Table 1.

Demographic characteristics (N=40).

Characteristics Training group (n=20) Control group (n=20) Group comparison



t testa (df) Chi-square (df) P value
Age (years), mean (SD) 65.65 (4.848) 69.041 (3.605) 2.478 (38) N/Ab .02
Gender (women), n (%) 14 (70) 13 (65) N/A 0.4 (1) .74
Hearing (across 0.5 kHz, 1 kHz, and 2 kHz), mean (SD) 16.79 (4.939) 17.85 (4.913) 0.672 (37) N/A .51
Education (years), mean (SD) 16.42 (2.244) 16.18 (2.69) 0.339 (34) N/A .74
Digit span, mean (SD) 9.9 (1.714) 9.75 (1.333) 0.309 (38) N/A .76

aThe t test was 2-tailed.

bN/A: not applicable.