A, Waterfall plot showing objective radiologic response rate to one dose of neoadjuvant nivolumab plus lirilumab in patients with relapsed, resectable SCCHN (RECIST v1.1). B, Viable tumor quantification (%) at the time of salvage surgery following neoadjuvant immunotherapy, arranged by degree of pathologic response (≤50%, partial response; ≤10% major response). HPV, human papillomavirus. C, Preimmunotherapy right posterior tongue biopsy (patient ID #22) showing keratinizing, invasive squamous cell carcinoma (200×; left) and a post-op hemi-glossectomy specimen with extensive fibrosis in the prior tumor bed with an area of necrosis and a few multinucleated giant cells noted in the upper left region (200×; right). D, Tumor and immune cell PD-L1 expression CPS in both the initial preimmunotherapy recurrence specimen and paired salvage tumor specimen, arranged by descending % tumor viability.