Fig. 4. Locoregional delivery of hybrid spheroids promotes pancreatic rat-to-mouse islet xenograft survival.

(A) Graphical illustration of the islet xenotransplantation model. STZ-rendered diabetic C57BL/6 mice were transplanted with 400 IEQs of islets only (control) or with RAP-MPs, non–RAP-MP spheroids, or HS100 spheroids under kidney capsules. Twenty spheroids, equivalent to 0.5 × 10⁶ MSCs, were used per transplant. (B) NBG levels of recipient mice. (C) Kaplan-Meier curves of islet xenograft survival times. (D) Intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT) results at 12 days after transplantation and (E) area under the curve of IPGTT results (n = 3, means ± SDs). The data in (C) and (E) were analyzed using the log-rank (Mantel-Cox) test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), respectively. #P < 0.001 and $P < 0.0001. n.s., not significant.