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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Aug 25.
Published in final edited form as: Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2019 Nov 21;21(1):43–58. doi: 10.1038/s41580-019-0183-6

Fig. 1 |. Modular organization of classical AAA+ proteins.

Fig. 1 |

Schematic illustration of representative examples of classical ATPases associated with diverse cellular activities (AAA+ proteins). a | Type I AAA+ protein spastin (pdb:6P07). b | Type II AAA+ protein N-ethylmaleimide sensitive factor (NSF; pdb:6MDO). c | type II AAA+ heat shock protein Hsp104 (pdb:5VYA). d | AAA+ protease YME1 (pdb:6AZ0). In each case, a linear diagram shows the domain composition. The AAA+ protein with its molecular activity and biological function are depicted below. For each AAA+ protein, domains are coloured as indicated in the linear diagram, and the specific protein substrate–tubulin polymer for spastin (part a), SNARE complex for NSF (part b), amyloidic or aggregated protein for Hsp104 (part c) and membrane protein for YME1 (part d) is shown in orange. AAA, ATPase domain; D1 and D2, individual ATPase domains 1 and 2; MD, middle domain; Nt, amino-terminal domain; TM, transmembrane region.