Table 6.

Analysis on combination with other therapies.

Outcomes	Combination therapy			Non-combination therapy			P2
	I2 (%)	MD/SMD	P1	I2 (%)	MD/SMD	P1
Sensitivity analysis (Leave-one-out)
N19,15,17,29,31,32	62	− 0.62a	0.02	69	− 0.40a	0.005
N29,15,17,29,31,32	20	− 0.15a	0.25	0	− 0.08a	0.56
WASO9,17,29,30,32	0	− 0.42a	0.04	0	− 0.52a	0.02
NAs15,17,28,29,31,32	44	− 0.67a	< 0.00001	0	− 0.52a	0.0002
Subgroups analysis
TST9,15–17,28,29,31,33	68	44.08	0.002	85	33.36	0.14	0.69
LPS9,17,28,29,31–33	52	− 19.98	0.29	90	− 19.27	0.06	0.97
REM9,15–17,29,31,32	91	0.49a	0.59	0	0.09a	0.52	0.66
N39,15–18,29,31–33	50	2.17a	< 0.00001	92	1.43a	0.005	0.27

MD mean differences, SMD standardized mean differences, TST total sleep time, LPS latency to onset of persistent sleep, N1 non-rapid eye movement stage 1, N2 non-rapid eye movement stage 2, N3 non-rapid eye movement stage 3, REM rapid eye movement, NAs the number of awakenings, WASO wakefulness after persistent sleep onset, P¹ variation within the group, P² differences between subgroups.

^a SMD.